STRUCTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE AUSTRIA=HUNGARIAN AUSGLEICH

奥地利=匈牙利 AUSGLEICH 的结构分析

• 批准号: 07610383
• 负责人: OTSURU Atsushi
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: OSAKA KYOIKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610383/
• 关键词: HABSBURG; AUSGLEICH; AUSTRIA; HUNGARY; NATION; STATE; CENTRAL EUROPE; MINORITY; ハプスブルグ; 帝国; 東欧

The Habsburg Monarchy consisted of a range of territories in the eastern half of Europe and was composed of more than 11 ethnic groups. After the loss in the war against Prussia, excluded from the unification of the German states, the Monachy was forced to reform its governing structure in order to survive.In 1867 the dynastty reached an agreement (Ausgleich) with the most powerful ethnic group, Magyars, by which the kingdom of Hungary received semiindependent status within the Monarchy. From this time the Monarchy was divided into Austrian part and Hungarian part and the so-called 'Dualist system' was thereby inaugurated. While each part of the Monarchy had independent government to reign internal affairs, foreign and military policies remained under the jurisdiction of the common ministries.Although there were always disagreements between the two parts, the Dualist system worked until the last day of the Monarchy. Hungarian part was complaining of its inferior status within the Monarchy to Austrian part, and eager to act more independently. According to the Ausgleich agreement, the representatives of both parts of the Monarchy were to meet in every ten years to assess their economic relations. These meetings gave them the opportunity to talk about various problems of the Dualist system so as to minimize the disagreement between them.

哈布斯堡君主制由欧洲东部的一系列领土组成，由11个以上的族裔组成。在针对普鲁士战争的损失之后，被排除在德国国家的统一之外，马诺奇被迫改革其管理结构以生存。1867年，王朝与最强大的族裔群体达成了一致（奥斯格里奇），与最强大的族裔Magyars达成了一致，匈牙利的王国在匈牙利的王国中获得了君主制的半独立地位。从那时起，君主制就被分为奥地利部分和匈牙利部分，因此，所谓的“二元主义系统”就开始了。尽管君主制的每个部分都有独立政府来统治内部事务，但外国和军事政策仍依靠共同的政府的管辖范围。尽管这两个部分之间总是存在分歧，但双重主义制度一直在统治到君主制的最后一天。匈牙利的一部分抱怨其在君主制与奥地利部分的劣势，并渴望更独立地行动。根据Ausgleich协议，君主制两个地区的代表每十年开会一次，以评估其经济关系。这些会议使他们有机会谈论二元主义系统的各种问题，以最大程度地减少它们之间的分歧。

项目成果

本村 凌二, 鶴間 和幸 編: "岩波講座世界歴史第5巻『帝国と支配』" 岩波書店, (1998)

本村亮司、鹤间一幸（编）：《岩波世界历史讲义第 5 卷‘帝国与统治’》岩波书店（1998 年）

増谷英樹ほか編: "『越境する文化と国民統合』" 東京大学出版会, (1998)

益谷英树等主编：《跨国界文化与民族融合》东京大学出版社，（1998）

大津留 厚: "ハプスブルクの実験" 中央公論社, 189 (1995)

乙女敦：《哈布斯堡实验》中央公论社，189（1995）