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A Research on the Ideas of Civilization in the Universal History Complied by Tobias Smollett and Others.

托比亚斯·斯莫利特等人编着的《普遍历史文明观念研究》。

基本信息

批准号：
07610454
负责人：
TAKAGIWA Sumio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
UTSUNOMIYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the Universal History, which was published from 1736 to 1766 in England, and which probably is the first modern wold history, civilization is discussed from several different viewpoints, with various, ambiguous ideas of civilization, which can be analyzed and classified into the following four different categories.1.Ideas of Civilization Based on Christian Views Because the Universal History is written in the framework of Mosaic history, it has a strong tendency to esteem Christian civilizations, rejecting pagan ones. Particularly remarkable is the contempt for Islam.2.Ideas of Civilization Based on Progressivism The Universal History tries to evaluate civilization, measuring the degree of progress in such fields as farming, arts, manufacturing, trade, health and hygiene, government system, manners, industry, and learning.3.Ideas of Civilization Based on Imperialism The Universal History tends to describe products of each area from the viewpoint of how much they are useful to European countries. This tendency can be referred to as imperialistic.4.Ideas of Civilization Based on Globalism Sometimes the Universal History estimates a civilization in its own values. This tendency can be referred to as globalism because all civilizations are regarded as equal.In spite of its complexity, the Universal History is lacking in ecological considerations, resulting in a contempt for all the 'primitive' cultures, and failing to understand their significance to the global environment.

1736年至1766年在英国出版的《世界史》，可能是第一部现代世界史，对文明的论述从多种不同的角度进行，其文明观念多种多样，模棱两可，可分析归纳为以下四种不同的类别。那些。尤其值得注意的是对伊斯兰教的蔑视。2.基于进步主义的文明思想《通史》试图评价文明，衡量农业、艺术、制造、贸易、健康卫生、政府制度、礼仪、工业和学习等领域的进步程度。3.基于帝国主义的文明思想《通史》倾向于从对欧洲国家有用的角度来描述每个领域的产品。这种倾向可以被称为帝国主义。 4.基于全球主义的文明观念有时，普遍历史以它自己的价值观来评价文明。这种倾向可以被称为全球主义，因为所有文明都被视为平等。尽管普世历史很复杂，但缺乏生态方面的考虑，导致对所有“原始”文化的蔑视，无法理解它们对全球环境的意义。