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A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Transformation of the Japanese Economy

日本经济转型的理论与实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
07630013
负责人：
TSUJI Masatsugu
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630013/
关键词：
Industrial transformation Machine tool industry Hypothesis of continuous R&D process Chou test Leapfrogging model CNC machine tool NC machine tool Japanese technology 製造業 Akaie's Information Criterion(AIC)技術移転技術管理 NC 構造転換ダミ-

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to analyze the industrial transformation of the Japanese economy. The Japanese machine tool industry is particularly selected as the case study, and factors related to growth and industrial transformation are analyzed theoretically and empirically. The Japanese machine tool industry did not enjoy high productivity at its origins, and so-called "Japanese technology" was formed in the process of catching up with Western industries. This process of catching up is not particular to the machine tool industry, but is common to the entire Japanese manufacturing sector. This study attempts to formulate this process in economic theory and to test this hypothesis.After the Second World War, new Western technology was introduced by purchasing blueprints and prototypes. Through the R&D process of numerially-controlled (NC) machine tools in the 1960s and computerized NC (CNC) machine tools in the early 1970s, Japan caught up with the Wastern level of technology. The tim … More e of industrial transformation was specified as being 1976 by the Chou test of the model which hypothesizes the growth of the industry.One of the successful factors of the Japanese machine tool industry is its collaboration with electronics and computer makers in the R&D process of CNC machine tools. They mutually combined the superior aspects of each technology, and this made it possible for Japanese makers to be ranked best in the world. On the other hand, Western makers attempted to undertake the R&D process by themselves by making use of their own technological superiority.The characteristics of Japanese technological innovation is that the R&D process of one product becomes the basis of the process of the next product. This is carried out in succession. I hypothesize this as the "continuous R&D process". A contrasting example to this theory is found in the "leapfrogging model, " which is now referred to as the model of East Asian growth. The latter emphasizes skipping the R&D process by introducing the most advanced technology available at a particular time. Although this seems to be an efficient way of proceeding with R&D,it always depends on foreign technology and thus their own technology cannot be formed. The continuous R&D process is the key to explaining why the Japanese machine tool industry has maintained the top position in the world. Less

本研究的目的是分析日本经济的产业转型。本文以日本机床工具产业为例，从理论和实证两个方面分析了影响机床工具产业增长和产业转型的因素。日本机床工业在其诞生之初并不享有高生产率，所谓的“日本技术”是在追赶西方工业的过程中形成的。这种追赶的过程并不是机床行业所特有的，而是整个日本制造业所共有的。本研究试图在经济理论中阐述这一过程，并检验这一假设。第二次世界大战后，新的西方技术通过购买蓝图和原型而引入。通过20世纪60年代的数控机床和70年代初的计算机数控机床的研发过程，日本赶上了西方的技术水平。的tim ...更多信息通过对假设产业增长的模型进行周检验，确定产业转型的时间为1976年。日本机床工业的成功因素之一是与电子和计算机制造商合作进行CNC机床的研发。它们相互结合了每种技术的上级方面，这使得日本制造商有可能在世界上排名第一。另一方面，西方制造商试图利用自身的技术优势自行承担研发过程，日本技术创新的特点是一个产品的研发过程成为下一个产品过程的基础。这是连续进行的。我假设这是“持续的研发过程”。与这一理论形成对照的一个例子是“蛙跳模式“，即现在所说的东亚增长模式。后者强调跳过研发过程，引入特定时间可用的最先进技术。虽然这似乎是一种有效的研发方式，但它总是依赖于外国技术，因此无法形成自己的技术。持续的研发过程是解释日本机床行业为何一直保持世界第一的关键。少