A Study of the Transformation of the East German Agriculture under the ECAP

研究表明：(1)随着市场经济的转型，东德农场转型的主要过程已经结束，但各种冲突仍在继续；(2)转型具有对原大农场农业的强烈连续性，并将在不久的将来继续这种特征。这一点(2)与前苏联国家、东欧和中国有很大不同。本研究通过统计数据和对一些冲突及其解决方法的调查来说明这一点，特别是关于土地所有权和农场的旧债。分析了法院关于这些冲突的两个判决。由于法院对土地产权的判决驳回了原庄园主的要求，改造后的大农场可以保留。此外，德国政府和国会有义务给予农场一些援助，使他们通过宪法法院生存下来。法院的这一决定是基于一项基本人权，即职业自由。这一主张显示了德国社会市场经济秩序的特征之一，因为它将基本人权置于市场经济自由之上。

This Research shows that (1) the chief process of the transformation of the East German farms with the transition to the market economy has finished, but various conflicts continue and (2) the transformation is characterized by a strong continuity of the former big farm agriculture and the charateristic will continue in the near future.The point (2) is much different from the former Soviet Countries, eastern Europe and China. This Research explains the point (2) by the statistics and also by the survey of some conflicts and their solutions, especially about the land property and the old debt of the farms. It analized the two court decisions about these conflicts.Because the court decision about the land property refused the claim of a formerjunker (landlord), the transformated big farms can rettain. Also the german government and congress was obligated to give the farms some aids to make them survive by the constitution court. The court based this decision upon one of the fundamental human rights, namely the freedom of occupation. This augument shows one of the characteristics of the social market economy oder in Germany, because it gives the fundamental human right priority over the freedom of market economy.