A Study of the Transformation of the East German Agriculture under the ECAP

ECAP下东德农业转型研究

• 批准号: 07630028
• 负责人: AOKI Kunihiko
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630028/
• 关键词: Germany; Agriculture; Coopertive; Junker; the Constitution Court; Socialism; Transformation; Transition to the Market Economy; 集団農業; 家族経営; 経済体制; 私有化; 集団化; 大規模化

This Research shows that (1) the chief process of the transformation of the East German farms with the transition to the market economy has finished, but various conflicts continue and (2) the transformation is characterized by a strong continuity of the former big farm agriculture and the charateristic will continue in the near future.The point (2) is much different from the former Soviet Countries, eastern Europe and China. This Research explains the point (2) by the statistics and also by the survey of some conflicts and their solutions, especially about the land property and the old debt of the farms. It analized the two court decisions about these conflicts.Because the court decision about the land property refused the claim of a formerjunker (landlord), the transformated big farms can rettain. Also the german government and congress was obligated to give the farms some aids to make them survive by the constitution court. The court based this decision upon one of the fundamental human rights, namely the freedom of occupation. This augument shows one of the characteristics of the social market economy oder in Germany, because it gives the fundamental human right priority over the freedom of market economy.

研究表明：（1）东德农场向市场经济过渡的主要过程已经完成，但各种矛盾仍在继续;（2）这一过程具有很强的大农场农业的延续性，并将在近期内持续下去;（3）这一点与前苏联、东欧和中国有很大的不同。本研究通过统计和对一些冲突及其解决办法的调查，特别是对土地产权和农场旧债的调查，来解释这一点。通过对两次法院判决的分析，认为由于法院关于土地所有权的判决拒绝了原地主的要求，所以大农场的改造可以保留。德国政府和国会也有义务给予农场一些援助，使他们生存的宪法法院。法院的这一决定是基于一项基本人权，即职业自由。这一规定体现了德国社会主义市场经济秩序的一个特点，即把基本人权置于市场经济自由之上。

项目成果

Kunihiko AOKI: "Conflicts, Consitutional Ideas and Farm Structure in Eastern Germany (1)" International Cooperation of Agariculture and Forestry. 20-7. (1997)

青木邦彦：《东德的冲突、宪政理念与农场结构（一）》农林国际合作。

Kunihiko AOKI: "Conflicts, Consitutional Ideas and Farm Structure in Eastern Germany (1)" International Cooperation of Agariculture and Forestry. 20-8. (1998)

青木邦彦：《东德的冲突、宪政理念与农场结构（一）》农林国际合作。