Analysis of interaction between Aristolochia debilis with vigorous chemical defenses and phytophagous insects

1. 在自然种群中研究了凤蝶Atrophaneura alcinous及其寄主植物马兜铃（Aristolochia debisis）的季节变化和种群动态。通过对3年12代蝴蝶种群动态资料的分析，得到以下两个结果：首先，当任何一代食物资源量（寄主植物生物量）急剧增加时，种群密度对资源丰度的响应被延迟，种群密度在下一代增加。其次，除了上述食物资源的极度增加外，食物资源的数量与嗜酸a.m alcinous的幼虫存活率之间存在正相关关系。因此，我们得出结论，当地的a.a alcinous种群受食物资源丰富程度的调节（自下而上）。这种趋势可能是具有强大化学防御能力的寄主植物与寄主植物专门化的更多的自噬昆虫之间相互作用的特征。为了评价草食和对草食的补偿反应对黄花田鼠生产力的影响，在黄花田鼠自然种群中进行了一系列剪枝实验。我们发现黄芪对草食具有高度的代偿能力。实验剪下的植株在剪下后，由于地上部分的补偿反应而恢复了大量的新鲜叶片。一般来说，衰老叶片的光合速率比新鲜叶片低。因此，受草食影响的植物的生产力可能是通过在植物的地上部分由老叶替换为新叶来提高的。通过在鲜叶和老叶上饲养的实验，分析了叶片作为一种食物资源的价值，发现鲜叶比老叶更有价值。因此，考虑到双歧杆菌和双歧杆菌的叶片价值，这也可能支持双歧杆菌的代偿反应可能在双歧杆菌和双歧杆菌相互作用系统的维持中起重要作用。为了评价马兜铃酸等化学物质在叶片营养方面的价值，结合草食性和季节性对马兜铃叶片进行了化学分析。此外，还发现了a.a alcinous的幼虫的缠绕行为（靠近地面的茎被缠绕，韧皮部的部分被幼虫去除），现在用化学技术分析了这种行为的意义。少

1. Seasonal changes and population dynamics of the papilionid butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous and its host plant, Aristolochia debilis were investigated in a natural population. By analysing the data for the population dynamics of twelve generations of the butterly during 3 yeras, the following two results were obtained. First, when the amount of food resources (biomass of the host plant) increased extremely in any generation, the response of population density of the butterfly to the resource abundance was delayd and the population density increased in the next generation. Secondly, except the extreme increase of food resources as mentined above, there was a positive colleration between the amount of food resources and the laraval survival rates of A.alcinous. Then, we conclude that the local population of A.alcinous was regulated by the food resource abundance (bottom up). This trend may be a characteristic interactions between the host plant with vigorous chemical defense and the p … More hytophagous insect that specialized to the host plant.2. In order to evaluate the effects of herbivory and conpensatory reactions to herbivory on the productivity ofA.debilis, a series of clipping experiments in a natural population of A.debilis were conducted. We found that A.debilis had a highly conpensatory ability to herbivory. The plants which were clipped experimentally had abundant fresh leaves after clipping, by a recovery of above ground parts as conpensatory reactions. In general, the photosynthetic rate of an aged leaf is lowered than that of the fresh leaf. Therefore, it may be supported that the productivity of the plants which suffered herbivory increased by replacing from aged to newly fresh leaves on aerial parts of the plant.3. Analysing a value of leaf as a food resource for young larvae of A.alcinous by experiments of rearing on fresh and aged leaves, we found that young leaves was highly valuable for young larvae than aged ones. Therefore, considering the values of leaf for both A.debilis and A.alcinous, it may also support that the conpensatory reactions of A.debilis may play an important role in a maintenance of the system interacting between the A.debilis and A.alcinous4. In order to evaluate of a value of leaf in aspects of nutrition and chemical substance such as aristolochic acid, chemical analysis for leaves of A.debilis with reference to herbivory and seasonality is now carrying out. Furthermore, girdling behavior (the stem near the ground was girdled and the parts of phloem were removed by the larvae) by the larvae of A.alcinous was found and the significance of this behavior is now analysing by a chemical technique. Less