The significance of reproductive properties and two modes in seed dispersal in the prostrate annual Chamaesyce maculata with multiple overlapping generations.

通过田间调查和室内试验，分析了匍匐多代杂交的一年生黄斑chamaesyes maculata的生殖特性和两种种子传播方式的意义。得到了以下结果：1) 6月出苗的植株从7月下旬开始有性繁殖，此后营养生长和有性繁殖同时发生，一直持续到11月初，植株没有从营养生长向有性繁殖的转变。2) C。Maculata最多可以在一年内重复三代。第一代和第二代产生的非休眠种子每年达到多代，显然导致每年的繁殖产量增加。3)可以认为，亲本植物和子代植物之间的竞争发生在繁殖期的前季，而由晚季产生的种子衍生而来的幼苗之间的竞争发生在第二年的出苗期。4)为了避免这种竞争，在繁殖前期产生的种子会自动分散（自生代），导致种子远离亲本植物扩散。5)繁殖后期产生的种子不是自动产生的，而是由采种蚁（myrmecochory）传播的。虽然有18种蚂蚁会访问黄斑田中的植物，但只有两种杂食性蚂蚁——对角蚁（Tetramorium tsushimae）和Pheidole nodus会将黄斑田中的种子带进巢穴。6) P。瘤蚜是典型的种子捕食者，因为瘤蚜工蚁以其巢穴中携带的大部分种子为食，而且瘤蚜的种子传播效率明显较低，与收获蚁相似。(7)另一方面，对衣蛾工蜂将携带入巢的种子再次取出约一半，从巢中取出的种子和留在巢中的种子的伤害率都明显较低。因此，可以认为，对马齿苋具有较高的种子传播效率，是一种较好的播种剂。少

The significance of reproductive properties and two modes of seed dispersal in the prostrate annual Chamaesyce maculata with multiple overlapping generations was analyzed in the field survey and laboratory experiments. The following results were obtained. 1)Plants that emerged in June commenced sexual reproduction from late July, and thereafter both vegetative growth and sexual reproduction occurred together until early November, the plants showing o switching from vegetative growth to sexual reproduction. 2)C.maculata could repeat a maximum of three overlapping generations within a year. Multiple generations per year were attained by non-dormant seeds produced in the first and second generaions and clearly resulted in an increased reproductive output per year. 3)It would be considered that competitions between parent plants and offspring plants occur in the early season of reproductive period, and competitions among seedlings that were derived from the seeds produced in the late seaso … More n of reproductive period occur in the emergence period in the next year. 4)In order to avoid such competitions, the seeds produced in the early season of reproductive period were automatically dispersed (autochory), resulting in seed dispersion far from parent plants. 5)the seeds produced in the late season of reproductive period were not automatically, but dispersed by seed-collecting ants (myrmecochory). Although 18 ant species visited plants of C.maculata, only two species of omnivorous ants, Tetramorium tsushimae and Pheidole nodus carried the seeds into their nests. 6)P.nodus was regarded as a typical seed predator, because P.nodus workers fed on most of the seeds carried in their nests, and the efficiency of seed dispersal by P.nodus was conspicuously low, similar as harvester ants. 7)On the other hand, workers of T.tsushimae carried out again about half number of the seeds that had carried into their nests, and the injury rates of both the seeds that carried out from their nests and those that remained in their nests were conspicuously low. Therefore, It would be considered that T.tsushimae is a superior seed disperser with high efficiency of seed dispersal for C.maculata. Less