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Natural Sound Speech Synthesis by 3D Acoustic Model Based on MRI Measurement of Speech Production System

基于语音产生系统 MRI 测量的 3D 声学模型自然声音语音合成

基本信息

批准号：
07650423
负责人：
SUZUKI Hisayoshi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07650423/
关键词：
speech production nose nasal tract finite element method MRI nasal sinus 3D acoustic tube model FEM 鼻腔声道

项目摘要

This research aims to find in detail the acoustic effects of fine morphological construction of the nasal cavity. Several kinds of numerical acoustic tube models were constructed on a computer from measurements of the nasal cavity by Magnetic Resonance Imaging technology (MRI). Using FEM (finite element method), we calculated acoustic pressure, particle velocity, acoustic intensity, and acoustic transfer function of the simulated nasal tracts.The simulated nasal tract is essentially an acoustic tube which is similar in some aspect to human nasal tract from the soft palate to the nostrils, between which there are a bifurcation of left and right nasal passages and several pairs of the sinuses. A elliptic model was made as to be straight tube having elliptic cross section in which an areas and coircumference were identical with the actual dimensions, respectively. A realistic model was made as to be bent and complicated in cross section as in actual nasal tract. The maxillary sinus and th … More e frontal sinus, were also introduced. In addition, the acoustic effcts of narrowing the nasal tract cross section, and inserting something obstacles at somewhere in the nasal tract were examined.From the results, it is found that not only the conventional area function of the nasal tract which represents cross sectional areas of the nasal tract along with axial locations, but the cross-section shape, the bifurcation, the left-right asymmetry, and the bending of the nasal tract also affect the acoustic characteristics. We showed a limit of approximation ability of straight-elliptic tube models. The left-right asymmetry of the nasal tract always produce pole-zero pairs in transfer function. The complicated shape and the bending of the nasal tract produces zeros of the transfer function by a circle like flow of acoustic intensity in the nasal cavity. It is confirmed that the sinus cavity itself acts as a Helmholtz resonator and produces a pole-zero pair at nearby its resonance frequency in the transfer function. However, there are actually several number of sinus cavities in both sides of the nasal tract, and they are not symmetrical, therefore, they produce fairly complex acoustic property below 2000Hz. The narrowing of one side of the nasal tract causes a severer left-right asymmetry and produces a complexity in transfer characters. Finally, it is shown that any obstacle inserted in the nasal tract may produce a branching flow of acoustic wave in the nasal tract and may cause some pole-zero in the transfer function. Less

本研究旨在详细探讨鼻腔精细形态结构的声学效应。利用磁共振成像技术（MRI）对鼻腔进行测量，在计算机上建立了几种不同的声管数值模型。采用有限元法计算了模拟鼻道的声压、粒子速度、声强和声传递函数。模拟鼻道本质上是一个从软腭到鼻孔的声管，在某些方面与人的鼻道相似，两者之间有左右鼻道的分叉和几对鼻窦。建立了具有椭圆截面的直管的椭圆模型，其面积和周长分别与实际尺寸相同。制作了一个与实际鼻道弯曲且截面复杂的模型。还介绍了上颌窦和额窦。此外，还研究了缩小鼻道横切面和在鼻道某处插入障碍物的声学效应。结果发现，除了常规的鼻道面积函数（代表鼻道横断面积随轴向位置变化）外，鼻道的横断形状、分岔、左右不对称以及鼻道的弯曲也会影响声学特性。我们证明了直椭圆管模型的近似能力的极限。鼻道的左右不对称总是在传递函数中产生极-零对。鼻道复杂的形状和弯曲性通过声强在鼻腔内的圆形流动产生传递函数的零点。证实了窦腔本身作为亥姆霍兹谐振腔，在传递函数中在其共振频率附近产生一个极-零对。然而，在鼻道两侧实际上存在着若干个窦腔，且它们并不对称，因此在2000Hz以下产生相当复杂的声学特性。一侧鼻道狭窄导致严重的左右不对称，并产生复杂的转移特征。最后表明，任何插入鼻道的障碍物都可能在鼻道内产生声波的分支流，并可能引起传递函数的零极。少