Consideration of High efficiency Stacked Microstrip Antenna

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We investigate characteristics of a microstrip array antenna composed of stacked patches with wide bandwidth and high gain.If the parasitic element which is set near and above the fed element, the gain, the efficiency and the bandwidth of arrays increase. The parasitic element, which stacked at a height of about 0.5 wavelength from the fed element, increase the gain of the arrays in the array distance>0.8 wavelength. But in the array distance<0.8 wavelength, the gain does not increase. However, the gain and the efficiency of the microstrip array antenna with the parasitic elements are stable over a wide range of frequency and a higher efficiency over 90% is obtained. We have a considerable problem which there is a range over 100% in characteristics of the stacked microstrip array antenna.FDTD method is one of useful method to analyze a microstrip antenna. The of stacked microstrip antenna are analyzed numerically using FDTD method. The numerical results agree with experimental one.