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A STUDY OF CENTRAL CITY RESIDING FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT

交通需求管理视角下的中心城市研究

基本信息

批准号：
07650626
负责人：
KASHIWADANI Masuo
金额：
$ 0.38万
依托单位：
EHIME UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Transportation demand management has recently attracted city planners' attention in developed countrics. There are several reasons for thinking that it is effective in those cities. One of them is the difficulty to physically improving the urban transportation network there. Expensive land prices and scarcity of space to accommodate transportation facilities in crowded city centers are common. Moreover, people in these cities become more conscious of quality of city life. Thus, they are induced to manage urban growth rather than investing in transportation facility improvement. Land use control is considered to be a powerful way of transportation demand management because it can manage original trip generation. Central city residing is more effective and feasible method than job dispersion policies.The spatial structure of metropolitan area and trip to work pattern are studied in Osaka prefecture for the term of 1970-1990. It is found that a new trend of central city residing emerged in Osaka city in the early term of 1980's. The number of commuters increased 15% from 1980 to 1985 in the central city area of Osaka city. The extent is larger than that of suburban area at the time. The most commuters residing central city have shorter length trip to work and their main transportation way is walk, bicycle or bus. Thus the increase of commuters residing in central city contributed to the reduction of railway demand which is extremely crowded.We proposed a new measure which evaluate zones in a city where urban land use activities are allocated from the viewpoint of transportation demand management. It is a location guidance measure. It combines the two components land use efficiency and traffic environment. Land use activity allocation using this measure leads to a land use pattern close to that of the planning goal problem in the sense of planning aim evaluation which maximizes land use efficiency under the allowed link congestion constraints.

近年来，交通需求管理已引起发达国家城市规划者的重视。有几个理由认为它在这些城市是有效的。其中之一是难以切实改善那里的城市交通网络。在拥挤的城市中心，昂贵的地价和容纳交通设施的空间稀缺是常见的。此外，这些城市的人们越来越注重城市生活的质量。因此，他们被诱导去管理城市增长，而不是投资于交通设施的改善。土地利用控制是一种有效的交通需求管理方式，因为它可以对原始出行进行管理。中心城市居住比工作分散政策更有效、更可行。以1970 ~ 1990年大阪府为研究对象，研究了大阪府都市圈的空间结构和通勤模式。研究发现，20世纪80年代初大阪市出现了中心城市居住的新趋势。从1980年到1985年，大阪市中心城区的通勤人数增加了15%。其范围比当时的城郊地区要大。大部分居住在中心城市的通勤者上班距离较短，主要的交通方式是步行、自行车或公共汽车。因此，居住在中心城市的通勤者的增加有助于减少极其拥挤的铁路需求。本文从交通需求管理的角度出发，提出了一种评价城市用地活动分配区域的新方法。它是一种位置引导措施。它结合了土地利用效率和交通环境两个组成部分。利用该测度进行土地利用活动分配，在规划目标评价意义上，使土地利用模式接近规划目标问题，在允许的链路拥塞约束下最大化土地利用效率。