Road Network Development Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Emergency Transport Service in Disaster Situation

快速公路极大地促进了紧急运输服务，这些服务虽然不经常需要，但从社会的角度来看非常重要。提出了一种以应急运输服务为重点的高速公路网评价方法。这种方法的独特之处在于。高速公路网改造效果的评价，不是以某一特定的OD模式为依据，而是以该模式为基础。最后，将该方法应用于四国高速公路网的发展。由于采用了最大位置覆盖模型，因此，人口未覆盖率是高速公路网发展的直接评价指标，研究发现，高速公路网的发展可以使人口未覆盖率的值有较大幅度的降低。其效果体现在两个方面。一是高速公路提速的影响。它扩大了覆盖范围。二是设施区位变化对不同路网的影响。一般而言，随着设施数量的增加，普通公路网与高速公路网之间未覆盖人口率的差异逐渐减小。在设施较少和最大允许换乘时间较长的算例中，两种路网的差异值较大，灾害情况下的路网发展总体上比正常情况下更有效，这是因为灾害情况下普通路网受损严重，而高速公路网更可靠。

The expressways greatly benefit emergency transport services which are not often needed but are very important from societies' viewpoint. A method to evaluate the expressway network focused on emergency transport service is proposed in this study. This method is unique in the point that. The effect of expressway network improvement, is not evaluated based on a specified OD pattern but on that. produced by an optimal location problem.The method is applyed to the expressway network development in Shikoku. Since Maximal Location Covering model is used, the uncovered population rate is a direct evaluation index of the expressway network development.It. is found that the value of uncovered population rate can be fairly reduced by the expressway network development. The effect is seen in two aspects. One is the effect of higher speed on expressways. It. enlarges the extent of covered areas. The other is the effect of facility location change on the different road network. Generally, the difference of the value of uncovered population rate between the ordinary and the expressway network diminishes as the number of facilities increases. The larger values of the differences between the two networks are seen in the computation examples with fewer facilities and longer maximum allowable transfer time.The expressway network development is generally more effective in the disaster case than in the normal case because the ordinary road network suffers from serious damage in the disaster case while the expressway network is more reliable.