Biphasic Reaction by Palladium Catalyst

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One serlous probelm of homogeneous catalyst is the separation of the product from the catalyst. Since the hydroformylation of propene under biphasic conditions was commercialized in 1984, two-phase catalysis by transition metal complexes attracts much attention. In the present study carbonylation and the Heck reaction were carried out using Pd/water-soluble phosphine or Pd/triphenylphosphine/phase transfer agent as the catalyst.1 Carbonylation of allylic halidesPalladium-catalyzed, atmospheric pressure carbonylation of allylic halides under alcohol-potassium carbonate two-phase conditions affords beta, gamma-unsaturated esters.2 Carbonylative coupling of iodobenzene and propargyl alcoholThe reaction of iodobenzene with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol under aqueous NaOH affords a butenolide in one-pot by successive reactions of carbonylation, reduction, and cyclocarbonylation. It was clarified that the biphasic reaction is a contrast to the homogeneous one.3 Arylation of ethyleneThe arylation of ethylene with aryl halides by phosphine-modified palladium catalysts takes place readily to afford stirenes. A variety of functional monomers were synthesized by this methods.