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A fundamental research on the coastal disaster prevention forests in the Ryukyu Islands with special reference to their function, preservation and application

琉球群岛沿海防灾林的基础研究及其功能、保护和应用

基本信息

批准号：
07660202
负责人：
KOKI Zenfuku
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
University of the Ryukyus
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The highest salt content in stem flow water was shown at measuring point 1 (sea side edge tree), showing of decreases in salt content at measuring point 2 (in the forest) and at measuring point 3 (land side edge tree) in this order. In making mutual comparison of the salt content of stem flow water at each measuring point and the salt content in rainwater, the salt content at measuring point 1 showed a remarkable high value, 2.8 times the value at measuring point 2,4.8 times the value at measuring point 3 and 40.0 times the value in rainwater. And the value at measuring point 2 showed 1.8 times the value at measuring point 3 and 14.6 times the value in rainwater. The value at measuring point 3 showed 8.3 times the value in rainwater. Consequently, it seems to us that the shorter the distance from coast is, the more salinity is caught by trees, and with the distance from coast, the amount of caught salinity decreases.The vegetation on the strand and the rocky reef was surveyed on south … More coast of Itoman City located in the southern part of Okinawa Island and Aguni Island. The zonate difference was clearly observed from drift line to inland in the vegetation. On the strand vegetation there was growing Sporobolus hancei community -> Hibiscus tiliaceus- Pandanus odoratissimus community -> Casuarina equisetifolia forest in Itoman and Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis community-> Cassytha filiflormis- Thuarea involuta community-> Argusia argentia- Crepidiastrum lanceolatuln f. pinnatilobum community -> Hibiscus tiIiaceus community -> Casuarina equisetifolia forest in Aguni Island. There was growing Zoysia matrella var. pacifica community -> Scaevola taccada community -> Pandanus odoratissimus community on the rocky reef vegetation in Itoman. The damage to plants from typhoon varied with the position at a distance from drift line and species.Diseases of Coastal stands of Ryukyu pine (Pinus luchuensis) and mangroves were actually surveyed in Okinawa, Miyako and theYaeyama Islands. The pitch canker disease was found in all pine stands. Analysis on promoting factors of the pitch canker showed that typhoon does not directly promote epidemic of this disease. A newly-reported dieback of Kandelia candel were found in mangroves in Okinawa and the Yaeyamas. Cryphonectoria sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Pestalotiopsis sp. were isolated from the lesions, and the first two showed pathogenicity after inoculation. Dieback of Rhizophora stylosa was also found in the Yaeyamas, which main cause was still not clear.Properties of mangrove forest as an Okinawan coastal prevention forest were examined. Several stand parameters were measured at 15 plots in Iriomote Island and Ishigaki Island. The maximum of mean tree height and diameter at breast height was 8.4m and 14.0cm, and the minimum was 1.9m and 3.6cm. 98.6% of the former plot was occupied by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and 85.7% of the latter was occupied by Rhizophora stylosa. Stand density corresponded to the plots obtained the above values was 1,850 and 12,600 (1/ha). Significant high correlation was recognized among parameters of tree height, diameter at breast height, stem volume and crown area of each tree in a plot. And there was significant high correlation among stand parameters of each plots. Less

测量点1（海边树）的干流水含盐量最高，测量点2（森林中）和测量点3（陆地边树）的含盐量依次下降。将各测点干流水含盐量与雨水含盐量相互比较，测点1的含盐量显著偏高，是测点2的2.8倍，测点3的4.8倍，是雨水含盐量的40.0倍。测点2是测点3的1.8倍，是雨水中测点3的14.6倍。测量点3的数值是雨水中数值的8.3倍。因此，在我们看来，距离海岸越近，树木捕获的盐度越多，并且随着距离海岸的距离，捕获的盐度量减少。对位于冲绳岛和阿古尼岛南部的伊藤曼市南海岸的滨滩和礁岩上的植被进行了调查。植被从漂流线到内陆有明显的地带性差异。在滨带植被上，生长着山孢菌群落-木芙蓉群落-臭草群落-伊托曼木麻黄林和木麻黄林。巴西木群落-百香树群落-白桦群落->阿根廷木群落-石竹群落->木槿群落->木麻黄森林。伊托曼岛礁植被上生长着结缕草（Zoysia matrella var. pacifica）群落、bbbba scevola taccada群落和>香腹草（Pandanus odoratissimus）群落。台风对植物的危害随离漂线位置和品种的不同而不同。在冲绳岛、宫古岛和远山岛对琉球松（Pinus luchuensis）和红树林沿海林分病害进行了实地调查。所有松林均发生沥青溃疡病。对沥青溃疡病的影响因素分析表明，台风对沥青溃疡病的流行没有直接的促进作用。在冲绳和八山的红树林中发现了一种新报道的红烛枯病。从病区中分离到Cryphonectoria sp.、Botryosphaeria sp.、拟盘多毛孢sp.，前两种病原菌接种后表现出致病性。叶山地区还发现了茎尖根茎枯病，其主要原因尚不清楚。研究了冲绳红树林作为海岸防护林的特性。测定了伊洛莫特岛和石垣岛15个样地的林分参数。平均树高和胸径最大值分别为8.4m和14.0cm，最小值分别为1.9m和3.6cm，前者占裸木根的98.6%，后者占茎尖根的85.7%。所得样地对应的林分密度分别为1,850和12,600 （1/ha）。样地各树种的树高、胸径、茎体积和树冠面积均呈极显著的高度相关。各样地林分参数呈极显著的高度相关。少