Equalization of seasonal herbage productivity in the cattle grazing pasture by sheep follow grazing

牛放牧牧场季节性牧草生产力的均衡化

• 批准号: 07660365
• 负责人: SUGIURA Toshihiro
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: KITASATO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07660365/
• 关键词: CATTLE GRAZING; SEASONAL PRODUCTIVITY; SHEEP GRAZING; 牧草の季節生産性; メン羊; 牧草地; 採食部位

The beef cattles start grazing on the mountainous pastures in the late spring in Tohoku region and are grazed rotationally in the some divided paddocks. On that time, however, there is more herahage than the cattle need to intake. In this case, the herbage is remained in excess after grazing and itcauses more dead materials. For solving this problem, I propose to introduce a combination grazing system with sheep as a follower bottom grazer in this study.The standing crop of herbage increased in the middle of June and reached the maximm value in the late of July in a meadow in Towada city, Aomori prefecture. The daily gain of the herbage increased 50kg/ha to 100kg/ha during this period. Quite a number of cattle is need to consume such herbage mass. On the other hand, the number of grazing cattles which are deposited from farmers decreased in the public farm for calf rasing. The vegetation in the sloping paddocks was devastated by less grazing impact. A guideline is porposed for managing the mountainous pasture by the cattle and sheepcombinaion grazing system as follows.1. Gattle grazing has to start before as the herbage mass is less than 4,000kgDM/ha and to continue the grazing until 2,000kgDM/ha at least.2. Sheep as a follower grazer of cattle, has to be continued the grazing until not only leaves but also stems because sheep is more selective for leaf than cattle.3. The dominant plant species during regrowth is able to control by change the grazing animal. Cattle grazing causes the pasture to dominate clover and sheep cause it to grass.

东北地区的肉牛在晚春开始在山地牧场上放牧，并在一些划分的围场中轮流放牧。然而，那时的牧草量超过了牛需要摄入的量。在这种情况下，牧草在放牧后仍然过剩，并导致更多的死亡物质。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出以羊为跟随底层放牧的组合放牧系统。青森县十和田市的一片草甸，牧草产量在6月中旬增加，7月下旬达到最大值。在此期间，牧草日增重增加了50公斤/公顷至100公斤/公顷。需要相当数量的牛来消耗这样的牧草量。另一方面，农户存入公共农场养牛的放牧牛数量减少。由于放牧影响减少，倾斜围场的植被遭到破坏。现提出山区草场牛羊结合放牧管理方针如下： 1．由于牧草质量低于4,000kgDM/ha，必须提前开始放牧，并继续放牧至至少2,000kgDM/ha。2．羊作为牛的追随性食草动物，由于羊对叶子的选择性比牛更强，所以必须继续放牧直到不仅吃叶子而且吃茎。 3．再生期间的优势植物物种能够通过改变食草动物来控制。牛放牧导致牧场主宰三叶草，羊则导致草场占主导地位。

项目成果

杉浦俊弘: "メン羊の放牧がウシ放牧草地の牧草生産に与える影響" Grassland Science.

Toshihiro Sugiura：“羊放牧对牛牧场牧场生产的影响”《草原科学》。