Equalization of seasonal herbage productivity in the cattle grazing pasture by sheep follow grazing

东北地区的肉牛在晚春时节开始在山区牧场上放牧，并在一些分开的围场轮流放牧。然而，在这段时间里，牛所需摄入量超过了牧草的摄入量。在这种情况下，牧草在放牧后仍然过剩，从而导致更多的死亡物质。为了解决这一问题，本研究提出了一种以绵羊为跟随者的联合放牧制度。青森县桃田市草甸的现存量牧草产量在6月中旬增加，7月下旬达到最大值。在此期间，牧草日增重增加50公斤/公顷至100公斤/公顷。相当多的牛需要消耗这么多的牧草。另一方面，公共养牛场从农民那里存放的放牧牛的数量减少了。坡地围场的植被被较少的放牧影响所破坏。提出了利用牛羊结合放牧系统管理山地牧场的指导思想。当牧草质量小于4000kgDM/ha时，必须提前开始放牧，并至少持续放牧到2000kgDM/ha。绵羊作为牛的追随者，必须继续吃草，直到不仅是叶子，还包括茎，因为绵羊对叶子比牛更有选择性。在再生长过程中的优势植物物种能够通过改变放牧动物来控制。牛的放牧导致牧场主宰三叶草，羊群的放牧导致牧草的生长。

The beef cattles start grazing on the mountainous pastures in the late spring in Tohoku region and are grazed rotationally in the some divided paddocks. On that time, however, there is more herahage than the cattle need to intake. In this case, the herbage is remained in excess after grazing and itcauses more dead materials. For solving this problem, I propose to introduce a combination grazing system with sheep as a follower bottom grazer in this study.The standing crop of herbage increased in the middle of June and reached the maximm value in the late of July in a meadow in Towada city, Aomori prefecture. The daily gain of the herbage increased 50kg/ha to 100kg/ha during this period. Quite a number of cattle is need to consume such herbage mass. On the other hand, the number of grazing cattles which are deposited from farmers decreased in the public farm for calf rasing. The vegetation in the sloping paddocks was devastated by less grazing impact. A guideline is porposed for managing the mountainous pasture by the cattle and sheepcombinaion grazing system as follows.1. Gattle grazing has to start before as the herbage mass is less than 4,000kgDM/ha and to continue the grazing until 2,000kgDM/ha at least.2. Sheep as a follower grazer of cattle, has to be continued the grazing until not only leaves but also stems because sheep is more selective for leaf than cattle.3. The dominant plant species during regrowth is able to control by change the grazing animal. Cattle grazing causes the pasture to dominate clover and sheep cause it to grass.