SIGNIFICANCES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS USING THE NOSE AND THE MOUTH IN MEAT PIGS

在目前集约化系统中，猪没有机会用鼻子和嘴来检查或对待某些东西，以获得混凝土地板上的奖励，尽管它们的自然进化历史。人们观察到，它们在使用先天和骄傲工具时经常表现出异常行为。本研究通过对某些系统之间异常行为的表现进行比较，并试图对其心理进行假设，以了解这些异常行为产生的原因和意义。猪确实引发了检查、挖掘或治疗深层垃圾或草地的行为，尽管它们一定做了刻板的假挖掘行为和腹部按摩。在混凝土地板上的邻居。还有假咀嚼或咀嚼邻居的突出部分（耳朵，尾巴，腿）。然而，这些异常行为的个体频率与生理指标和生长呈显著正相关。因此，异常行为被认为是避免情绪波动的重定向行为。对猪进行了野外试验。混凝土地板上的猪一动不动，对掉落的水桶也没有反应。但是，另一头猪从深窝里出来，四处走动，对掉落的桶做出反应，心跳也加快了。比较了笼养猪和散养猪的脑电图、心率和行为。关在笼子里的猪虽然经常出现快速脑电波，但睡眠时间较长。但自由放养的猪睡眠时间较短，尽管脑电波类型较慢。这些结果被认为表明集约化系统中的肉猪可能存在心理冲突，也是一种能量消耗型的生活方式。

Pigs in the present intensive systems have no chances to check or treat somethings with their nose and mouth to get rewards on the concrete floor in spite of their natural evolutional history. They were obeserved to show frequent abnormal behaviors using their innate and pride tools.The present study compared the appearance of the abnormal behaviors between some systems and also tried to assume their mind in order to understand the reasons and the significances of those abnormal behaviors.Pigs did elicit checking and digging or treating behaviors on the deep litter or the grass, though they must have done the streotypic sham digging behavior and the massage of the belly. of the neighbors on the concrete floors. And also sham chewing or chewing of the neighbor's projections (ear, tail, leg). Although, the individual frequencies of these abnormal behaviors were inclined to corelate positively with the physiological indices and the growth. So, the abnormal behaviors are thought as the redirected behaviors to avoid the flustration.The pigs were tested with the open field test. Pigs from the concrete floor did not move and had no response to a fallen bucket. But another pigs from the deep litter moved around and responded to the fallen bucket, and also their heart beat was increased.EEG,heart beat and behaviors were compared between the caged and the free-ranged pigs. Caged pigs had long-lasting sleep, although with frequent appearance of the fast-types of brain wave. But the free-ranged pigs had shorter sleep, although with the slow-types of brain wave.These results were thought to indicate that the meat pigs in the intensive system possiblly have mental conflicts and also an energy-exhausting type of life.