Bacterial Mass Behavior in Colony Morphogenesis.

细菌通过连续的细胞增殖和在固体培养基上聚集而形成具有特征形态和内部结构的菌落。通过分析这种形态发生生长的过程，我们发现细菌是一种具有群体行为的生物体。在本研究中，这种细菌群体行为通过CCD相机进行追踪并进行视频记录以进行精确分析。通过转座子诱变收集粘质沙雷氏菌突变体，用于群体行为中基本方案的突变分析，例如合作易位、相互识别。 1.在低琼脂培养基上无鞭毛的粘质沙雷氏菌的扩散生长中，生物表面活性剂“serrawettin”的产生至关重要。各种突变分析表明生物表面活性剂在细菌易位群体行为中的作用。2.奇异变形杆菌响应特定氨基酸的存在而表现出特定的集群行为。这种行为是奇异果P.mirabilis种群的固体培养基特异性反应。将奇异果P.mirabilis点接种到半固体培养基的中心表面上，迅速铺展到整个表面。这些居住在表面的细菌随后进入特殊阶段并表现出特征性的时空模式，例如云纹状动态模式、群居细菌的多焦点聚集以及这种聚集体的易位和融合。从上述发现可以看出，表面环境中的细菌是合作生活的。对这些特征行为的实验分析将揭示细菌在自然界中的真实生活模式。3.对枯草芽孢杆菌菌落生长界面的自亲和性进行了检查，作为随机模式生长的典型例子。通过行为数据的定量分析，获得了取决于界面生长的微观模式的α（粗糙度指数）=0.5和0.78的值。

Bacteria form a colony with characteristic morphology and internal structure by successive cell multiplication and swarming on a solid medium. By analyzing processes of such morphogenic growth, we found that bacteria are organism exerting mass behavior.In the present study, such bacterial mass behavior was traced by CCD camera and video-recorded for precise analyzes. Mutants of Serratia marcescens were collected by transposon mutagenesis for mutational analyzes of fundamental protocols in mass behavior, such as cooperated translocation, mutual recognition.1.In a spreading growth of flagellum-less S.marcescens on a lowagar medium, production of biosurfactant "serrawettin" was shown to be critical. Roles of biosurfactants in translocating mass behavior of bacteria were indicated by various mutational analyzes.2.Proteus mirabilis exhibited specific swarming behavior in response to the presence of a specific amino acid. Such behavior was a solid medium-specific response of a P.mirabilis population.P.mirabilis point-inoculated onto the central surface of a semi-solid medium, promptly spread on the whole surface. These bacteria residing on the surface, therafter, entered into the special phase and demonstrated characteristic spatio-temporal pattern, e.g., Moire-like dynamic pattern, multifocal aggregation of swarming bacteria, and translocation and fusion of such aggregates.From findings described above, it is evident that bacteria on a surface environment are living in cooperation. Experimental analysis of these characteristic behavior will uncover bacterial real mode of life in nature.3.Growing interface of a Bacillus subtilis colony was examined for self-affinity, as a typical example of random pattern growth. By quantitative analysis of behavioral data, the values of alpha (roughness exponent) =0.5 and 0.78 depending on microscopic mode of interface growth were obtained.