STUDY OF THE HEATING HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

考古材料的热史是考古学研究的重要课题。本研究发展并尝试了实验/分析方法来研究材料的加热历史。该方法包括Sakai改进的Thellier方法和分步热退磁。此外，磁化率，其各向异性和样品制备的几种技术一起使用。综合检测法是在将其应用于陶器和窑场研究的同时发展起来的，通过对喀麦隆实验考古陶器的研究，证实了陶器的磁化确实是在制作时和烧制时对地磁的记忆。“Tsuba”，用于在烹饪过程中固定锅的仪器，具有两个磁性部件。高温组分的磁化被检查为在制作时获得，而低温组分的磁化被示出为在烹饪时获得。这一结果表明，本研究所建立的方法可以成功地用于考古材料的热历史研究。接下来，将该方法应用于窑址，研究了窑址对周围土壤的热效应。在距窑壁10 ~ 20 cm处，土壤的几个磁性参数发生了剧烈变化。我们得出的结论是，这个特定的距离取决于窑的使用时间和/或土壤特性，如含水量的百分比。该方法还应用于叙利亚杜阿拉洞穴旧石器时代的壁炉，研究加热温度的分布，水平和垂直的壁炉。

The heated history of archacological matcrials such as the baked kiln and/or the double-heated pottcrics is valuable subject in the archacology. In this study, the experimental/analytical method is developed and attempted for the study of the heated history of matcrial. The method comprises of the modified Thellier's method by Sakai and the stepwise thermal demagnetization. Also, the magnetic susceptibility, its anisotropy and the several techniques for sample preparation are used together. The synthetic examining method was developed concurrently with applying the method on the study of potteries and kilns.Through the study on the Cameroon potteries made at the experimental archacology, we verified that the magnetization of potteries really memorize the geomagnetism at the making and also that at the rehacating. The "Tsuba", instrument for fixing the pot during cooking has the two magnetic components. The magnetization of higher temperature component was examined to have been acquired at the making, and that of lower temperature was shown to have been acquired at the cooking. These results indicate that the method developed in this study successfully works for the study of heated history of the archacological materials.In the next, the method was applied to the kilns to study the heating effect on the surrounding soils by the usage of kiln. Several parameters of magnetic properties showed the drastic change at the soil about 10 to 20cm apart from the kiln wall. We concluded that this specific distance depends on the period, of of the usage of kiln and/or on the soil properties such as the percentage of moisture content. The method was also applied on the paleolithic fireplace of Douara cave in Syria to study the distribution of heated temperature, horizontally and vertically in the fireplace.