STUDY OF THE HEATING HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

焙烧窑和/或双热陶器等考古材料的热史是考古学中有价值的课题。在本研究中，我们发展并尝试了实验/分析方法来研究材料的加热历史。该方法包括Sakai改进的Thellier方法和逐步热退磁。此外，磁化率、磁化率的各向异性和几种样品制备技术被一起使用。综合检验法与陶窑研究方法并举，通过对实验考古喀麦隆陶器的研究，验证了陶器的磁化确实记住了制作时的地磁和再生时的地磁。烹饪时用来固定锅具的“Tsuba”，有两个磁性部件。研究表明，较高温度成分的磁化是在制造过程中获得的，而较低温度成分的磁化强度是在烹饪过程中获得的。这些结果表明，本研究开发的方法成功地用于考古材料加热历史的研究。接下来，将该方法应用于窑址，研究窑址对周围土壤的加热效应。一些磁性参数显示，在距窑壁约10~20 cm的土壤上变化很大。我们得出的结论是，这一特定距离取决于窑炉使用的周期和/或土壤性质，如含水率。该方法还应用于叙利亚杜阿拉洞穴旧石器时代的壁炉，研究了壁炉内加热温度的水平和垂直分布。

The heated history of archacological matcrials such as the baked kiln and/or the double-heated pottcrics is valuable subject in the archacology. In this study, the experimental/analytical method is developed and attempted for the study of the heated history of matcrial. The method comprises of the modified Thellier's method by Sakai and the stepwise thermal demagnetization. Also, the magnetic susceptibility, its anisotropy and the several techniques for sample preparation are used together. The synthetic examining method was developed concurrently with applying the method on the study of potteries and kilns.Through the study on the Cameroon potteries made at the experimental archacology, we verified that the magnetization of potteries really memorize the geomagnetism at the making and also that at the rehacating. The "Tsuba", instrument for fixing the pot during cooking has the two magnetic components. The magnetization of higher temperature component was examined to have been acquired at the making, and that of lower temperature was shown to have been acquired at the cooking. These results indicate that the method developed in this study successfully works for the study of heated history of the archacological materials.In the next, the method was applied to the kilns to study the heating effect on the surrounding soils by the usage of kiln. Several parameters of magnetic properties showed the drastic change at the soil about 10 to 20cm apart from the kiln wall. We concluded that this specific distance depends on the period, of of the usage of kiln and/or on the soil properties such as the percentage of moisture content. The method was also applied on the paleolithic fireplace of Douara cave in Syria to study the distribution of heated temperature, horizontally and vertically in the fireplace.