STUDY OF THE HEATING HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

考古材料的加热史，如烧窑和/或双加热陶罐，是考古学中有价值的课题。在本研究中，开发并尝试了实验/分析方法来研究材料的加热历史。该方法由Sakai改进的Thellier法和逐步热退磁法组成。同时，将磁化率、各向异性和几种样品制备技术结合使用。综合检测方法是在将该方法应用于陶器和窑炉研究的同时发展起来的。通过对实验考古制作的喀麦隆陶器的研究，证实了陶器的磁化确实记忆了制作和修复时的地磁。在烹饪过程中固定锅的“Tsuba”仪器具有两个磁性元件。高温组分的磁化是在制作过程中获得的，低温组分的磁化是在蒸煮过程中获得的。这些结果表明，本研究开发的方法成功地适用于考古材料的加热历史研究。其次，将该方法应用于窑炉，研究了窑炉使用对周围土壤的加热效应。在距离窑壁约10 ~ 20cm处，土壤的磁性参数发生了剧烈变化。我们的结论是，这个具体的距离取决于窑炉的使用时间和/或土壤的性质，如水分含量的百分比。该方法还应用于叙利亚Douara洞穴旧石器时代壁炉，研究了壁炉内受热温度的水平和垂直分布。

The heated history of archacological matcrials such as the baked kiln and/or the double-heated pottcrics is valuable subject in the archacology. In this study, the experimental/analytical method is developed and attempted for the study of the heated history of matcrial. The method comprises of the modified Thellier's method by Sakai and the stepwise thermal demagnetization. Also, the magnetic susceptibility, its anisotropy and the several techniques for sample preparation are used together. The synthetic examining method was developed concurrently with applying the method on the study of potteries and kilns.Through the study on the Cameroon potteries made at the experimental archacology, we verified that the magnetization of potteries really memorize the geomagnetism at the making and also that at the rehacating. The "Tsuba", instrument for fixing the pot during cooking has the two magnetic components. The magnetization of higher temperature component was examined to have been acquired at the making, and that of lower temperature was shown to have been acquired at the cooking. These results indicate that the method developed in this study successfully works for the study of heated history of the archacological materials.In the next, the method was applied to the kilns to study the heating effect on the surrounding soils by the usage of kiln. Several parameters of magnetic properties showed the drastic change at the soil about 10 to 20cm apart from the kiln wall. We concluded that this specific distance depends on the period, of of the usage of kiln and/or on the soil properties such as the percentage of moisture content. The method was also applied on the paleolithic fireplace of Douara cave in Syria to study the distribution of heated temperature, horizontally and vertically in the fireplace.