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Quantification of Environmental Changes by Benthic Animals

底栖动物环境变化的量化

基本信息

批准号：
07836001
负责人：
MUKAI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07836001/
关键词：
limorium an enlarging video camera water flow velocity suspension feeding bivalve deposit-feeder defecation rate bioturbation 生物撹乱

项目摘要

To realize in situ environments in laboratory, a specific aquarium (limorium) was developed. Requirements for the aim were (1) to be taken intact sediments in the aquarium, (2) to be able to observe from outside of aquarium by an enlarging video camera, (3) to be able to control water temperature and water flow velocity, and monitor them, etc. These requirements have not been satisfied in aquaria as known as far. Thus, new special aquaria was developed.To measure food intake rate of suspension feeders, a micro-sensored thermo-flow meter for measurement of fine distribution of water flow velocity and a micro-hi-scope system for fine observation of betnos movements were constructed. A observation system available for more than 24 hours to watch and for controlling food concentrations and flow velocity was also constructed, because of suspension feeding would be affected not only by food concentration and but also water flow velocity. The observation of a suspension-feding bivalve, Tapes phillippinarum, which were taken more than 160 hours, made possible to estimate feeding rate from mesurements of point flow velocities.On a deposit-feeder and a tube-dweller, Maldane sp., defecation rate could be estimated by the system with long time observation more than 50 hours of defecation and fecal pellets. As known that feeding and defecation rates in non-selective deposit feeders are almost similar, it was appeared that the feeding rate of Maldane sp.was positively correlated to body weight. Mean defecation rate per capita was estimated as 360 mm^3 day^<-1>. If existence of 100 worms in a m^2 sea bottom were assumed, that sublayr sediments of 0.036 mm^2 day^<-1> was reworked by this species and resedimentated on the surface of sea bottom, was estimated.

为了在实验室中实现原位环境，开发了一个特定的水族馆（limorium）。其目的要求是（1）在水族箱内采集完整的沉积物，（2）能够通过放大摄像机从水族箱外部观察，（3）能够控制水温和水流速度并对其进行监测等。目前已知的水族箱还没有满足这些要求。为了测量悬浮喂食器的摄食率，构建了用于测量水流速度精细分布的微传感热流量计和用于精细观察betnos运动的微型高镜系统。由于悬浮饲喂不仅会受到食物浓度的影响，还会受到水流速度的影响，因此还建立了24小时以上观察和控制食物浓度和流速的观测系统。对悬浮喂养的双壳类 Tapes phillippinarum 进行了超过 160 小时的观察，使得通过点流速的测量来估计摄食率成为可能。对于沉积物喂养者和管栖动物 Maldane sp.，可以通过系统对排便和粪便颗粒进行超过 50 小时的长时间观察来估计排便率。众所周知，非选择性沉积物饲养者的摄食和排便率几乎相似，马尔丹属的摄食率似乎与体重呈正相关。人均排便次数估计为 360 毫米^3 天^<-1>。如果假设m^2海底存在100条蠕虫，则估计0.036mm^2天^<-1>的底层沉积物被该物种改造并重新沉积在海底表面。