Bando Kannon pilgrimage in the early modern times - Pilgrims from Kanto and Koshin Area -

近代初期的阪东观音参拜 - 关东、甲信地区的参拜者 -

• 批准号: 07680181
• 负责人: SHIRAI Yutaka
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07680181/
• 关键词: Bando pilgrimage; diary of pilgrimage; stone monument; Kanto Area; Koshin Area; 坂東観音巡礼; 納経帳; 石造文化財

Bando pilgrimage site is located in Kanto Area. The pilgrimage consists of 33 sacred stations called "Hudasyo", and it was one of the most popular Kannon pilgrimages in Japan.To investigate the changing numbers of pilgrims and pilgrimage route, inscriptions of the stone monuments which were built to commemorate the completion of pilgrimage and diaries of pilgrimage were analyzed.The results are as follows; 1. Stone monuments began to be built by Bando pilgrims from the mid-17th century in Kanto and Koshin district. Number of monuments increased in the 18th century, and reached a peak in the early 19th century from the late 18th century. 2.(1) According to the diaries of pilgrimage, pilgrims from remote locations had the tendency to complete the pilgrimage at once. For example, pilgrims from Hakuba-Otari region in Nagano Prefecture completed the Bando pilgrimage all at once. Pilgrims from Awa region in Chiba Prefecture completed the Bando pilgrimage on the way to and from Dewa-sanzan pilgrimage at once. 2.(2) In addition to Bando pilgrimage, inscriptions commemorating the completion of Chichibu , Saigoku, Sikoku and Dewa-sanzan pilgrimages could also be found on the monuments. Especially, completion of Saigoku-Chichibu-Bando pilgrimage, which was called "Hyaku (hundred) Kannon" pilgrimage , was one of the main pilgrimages. The number of the inscriptions of Bando pilgrimage was lower than those of Saigoku or Chichibu pilgrimage. The large number of the inscription of Chichibu is considered to be due to the fact that Chichibu pilgrimage was short and easy-to-pilgrimage. The large number of the inscription of Saigoku is considered to be due to the fact that pilgrims had the tendency to go pilgrimage in remote locations. 3. In addition to Hudasyo, pilgrims following Bando pilgrimage route visited other temples as possible hoping that their prayers might be answered.

坂东朝圣地位于关东地区。为了考察日本最受欢迎的观音朝圣之路，通过对朝圣完成纪念碑的碑文和朝圣日记的分析，考察了朝圣者人数和朝圣路线的变化。从世纪中期开始，板岛的朝圣者在关东和Koshin地区建造了石碑。纪念碑的数量在18世纪增加，并从18世纪后期到19世纪初达到顶峰。2. (1)根据朝圣日记，来自偏远地区的朝圣者倾向于立即完成朝圣。例如，来自长野县白马-小谷地区的朝圣者一次完成了板道朝圣。来自千叶县阿波地区的朝圣者在往返出和三山朝圣的途中立即完成了班多朝圣。2. (2)除了坂道朝圣，纪念秩父，西谷，四国和出和山朝圣完成的铭文也可以在纪念碑上找到。特别是完成了被称为“百观音”朝圣的西谷-秩父-板道朝圣，这是主要的朝圣之一。板道朝圣的铭文数量低于西谷和秩父朝圣。秩父铭文的数量之多，被认为是由于秩父朝圣时间短，容易朝圣的原因。大量的西谷铭文被认为是由于朝圣者倾向于前往偏远地区朝圣。3.除了Hudasyo，朝圣者沿着班多朝圣路线参观了其他寺庙，希望他们的祈祷可能会得到回应。