SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION FOR CAREGIVER'S STRESS

家庭照顾者的压力是日本老龄化社会的主要问题。本研究的目的在于厘清影响社会工作干预有效减压的因素。数据来源于两次调查：第一次是对101名从教学医院康复科出院的患者进行调查，第二次是对87名家属从康复医院出院不能独立生活的照顾者进行调查。调查结果提出了一些干预措施的考虑，以减少照顾者的压力。受照护者主要对照护者产生批判负担，并自我认知为消极存在或麻烦存在。其他大多数照顾者经历了巨大的压力，因为他们觉得自己属于被照顾者而不是自己。受照顾者和照顾者之间的亲密关系越来越严重，彼此紧张。照顾者希望获得工具支持或资源来减少他们的照顾活动，而不是情感上的社会支持。作为一种应对行为，照顾者倾向于不寻求具体的或解决问题的帮助，而是积极地认识自己的处境或通过认知评价来调解残酷的生活。他们没有充分利用正式的护理服务，而这些服务似乎是对他们的健康最有帮助的资源。社会工作在受照护者与正规照护服务之间的联动作用表明，照顾者会变得更好。因此，护理人员必须理解。如果是这样，社会工作的干预可以减轻照顾者的压力。

Family caregiver's stress is the major concern to our Japanese at aging society. The purpose of this study is to clarify factors influencing effective stress reduction through social work intervention. The data were collected from two surveys : first survey to 101 patients who discharged from a rehabilitation unit of teaching hospital and second survey to 87 caregivers whose relatives discharged from a rehabilitation hospital and cannot live independently. The result of the surveys suggest some considerations about intervention for reducing caregivers stress.Care recipients have critical burden mainly on caregivers and perceive themselves negative existence or troublesome being. The other most caregiver experience hard stress because they feel belonging to care recipient but themselves. The closed relationship between care recipient and caregiver grows more serious strain each other.Caregivers want to get instrumental support or resource for reducing their care activities than emotional social support. As a coping behavior, caregivers have a tendency not to seek concrete or problem solving help, but to recognize positively their situation or to mediate by cognitive appraisal in spite of cruel living. They don't fully utilize formal care services that seem to be most helpful resource for their well-being.The linkage function of social work between care recipient and formal care services implicate that caregivers get better. Therefore it must be understood by caregiver. If so, social work intervention shall bring to reduce stress reduction of caregivers.