"Suijin" belief fixation and transition during the 17-19th into "Matumae"

17-19 年间“水神”信仰的固定和转变为“松前”

• 批准号: 09610323
• 负责人: FUNAYAMA Naoji
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Historical Museum of Hokkaido
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610323/
• 关键词: mixture of Shintoism and Buddhism; Goddes "Suijin"; "Kawahimo"; style of beliefs; make a comparative study; early Meiji Period; southwestern Hokkaido; festival; 北海道西南部; 民間信仰; 水神; 川祭り; 川裾; 川濯(カワソ); 祭祀; 講集団

Accompanying the division of Buddhism and Shintoism in 1872 Land Development Agency of Hokkaido ordered counties to survey shrines and in the same year delegated Shigekata KIKUCHI who was the deputy chief priest of Sapporo Shrine to the counties of Shirbeshi, Iburi and then Oshima in southwestern Hokkaido. This delegation was based on the decree by the Cabinet of "Shinbutsu-Hanzen-Rei (Rule of judgment of Buddhism and Shintoism)" in 1868 and "DaishoJinja-Ujiko Torishirabe Kisoku (Rule of investigation of shrines)" in 1871 and this investigation aimed at conducting arrangements of mixtured statues of Buddhism and Shintoism and reorganization of shrines and enshrinement. This execution was performed in order to unite and reorganize shrines in Hokkaido as governmental policy of dividing Buddhism and Shintoism. This investigation meant in one sence a start of transformation of previous shrine religious services from the Edo period through early Meiji Period. However in other respect as a r … More esult of detailed spot-surveys and hearings by the same investigater about the shrine origin and shapes of worship objects among major shrines including small shrines such as Goshisha, Keidaisha and Massha in wide areas of western and southwestern Hokkaido, this investigation offered total number of 516 examples of religious services including counties of Shiribeshi (223 samples), Oshima (239 samples) and Iburi (54 samples). The author did not regard these investigated documents about shrines of the early Meiji Period in Hokkaido as simple literatures described in order to perform only political aims, but considered them as reports of volk investigations which showed how the regional shrines were worshiped and made a comparison of each style of religious services by extracting examples which are related to shrine worships in the counties of Shiribeshi, Iburi and Oshima. Previous comparative studies on shrine worships by other authors cut the examples separately as different areas and ages and dealt with the shrines and gods of Inari, Itsukushima, Ebisu, Konpira and Ryujin, which statistically occupy a major part of shrines in Japan and merely pointed out that these shrines are found in large number and they are characteristic in the regions where fisheries of herrings are prevailing. However by the present comparative investigation of styles of beliefs of three areas in western and southwestern Hokkaido it became clear thatworship objects of the shrines are not only one, but it was understood that they were deified complicatedly and were accumulated and fixed in each district muli-layeredly. By excluding large number of beliefs it also became clear that the shrines with least worship objects were deified in peculiar construction in the abovmentioned three areas of Hokkaido. Less

1872年，伴随着佛教和神道教的分裂，北海道土地开发厅命令各县调查神社，并于同年委派札幌神社副首席牧师菊地重方前往北海道西南部的四别、岩手和大岛县。这次考察是根据1868年内阁颁布的“信佛半善令”和1871年内阁颁布的“大正神社宇次子鸟白部纪德法”进行的，目的是安排佛教和神道教的混合像，重新组织神社和供奉。这次处决是为了统一和重组北海道的神社，作为政府分裂佛教和神道教的政策。从某种意义上说，这一调查意味着从江户时代到明治早期的以往神社宗教服务的转变开始。在其他方面，作为一个R ...更多信息 本调查是在北海道西部和西南部广大地区，由同一调查者对包括五社、庆大社、麻社等小型神社在内的各大神社的神社起源和供奉物的形状进行详细的实地调查和听证的基础上，提供了包括知利别各郡在内的共计516个宗教仪式实例（223个样本）、大岛（239个样本）和Iburi（54个样本）。笔者并不认为这些关于北海道明治初期神社的调查文献是单纯为了实现政治目的而描述的文献，而是认为它们是民众调查的报告，这些报告显示了地区神社的崇拜方式，并通过提取与Shiribeshi，Iburi和Oshima县神社崇拜有关的例子，对各种宗教仪式进行了比较。以往的神社比较研究中，其他作者将不同地区和年龄的例子分开，并处理稻荷，严岛，惠比寿，Konpira和龙神的神社和神，这些神社在统计上占据了日本神社的主要部分，只是指出这些神社数量众多，它们在鲱鱼渔业盛行的地区具有特色。然而，通过对北海道西部和西南部三个地区信仰风格的比较考察，可以清楚地看到，神社的崇拜对象并不只有一个，而是经过复杂的神化，在各个地区多层次地积累和固定下来的。通过排除大量的信仰，也很明显，在搜索者提到的北海道的三个地区，崇拜对象最少的神社被神化在特殊的建筑中。少

项目成果

舟山直治: "北海道西部から南西部における明治初期の神社祭祀とその特徴について" 北海道開拓記念館研究報告. 16. 37-90 (1999)

船山直春：“关于明治初期北海道西部至西南部的神社仪式及其特征”北海道开发纪念博物馆研究报告16。37-90（1999）。

"Shrine religious services and the characteristics in early Meiji Period in western and southwestern Hokkaido" THE RESEARC BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF HOKKAIDO. NO.16. 37-90 (1999)

《北海道西部和西南部的神社宗教仪式和明治初期的特征》北海道历史博物馆研究通报。