Study on Shanshan and the military agricultural colonies in Loulan, and study on relations between Shanshan Loulan and surrounding areas

鄯善与楼兰军事农业聚居地研究、楼兰与周边地区关系研究

• 批准号: 09610365
• 负责人: ITO Toshio
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Osaka Kyoiku Univesity
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610365/
• 关键词: Shanshan; Loulan; military agricultural colonies; Karashahl; Turfan; Tunhuang; Kuts'ang; 屯戍; 馬耆; 高昌; 楼蘭; 石城鎮; 屯城; 都城; 伊循

This study consists of the following three parts ;1. The literature on Shanshan, Loulan and their peripheries is examined. A special attention is paid on the Loulan and Lop-nor, which a list of more than 2000 literature is made. More than 90% of this list is successfully obtained, and the list is published as "Bibliography on the Loulan and Lop-nor, the first proof'.2. Through the investigation on the Loulan's ruin, following points are made clear 1) It is not in the former Han's Era that Loulan's old castle was built ; 2) Renaming the city is impossible at the time of the transfer of the capital ; 3) The relation between Loulan and Lop-nor is crucial ; 4) The route from Thnhuang to the city-castle runs north-side of Lop-nor ; 5) the Kharosthis documents does not identify the old castle with the city-castle ; 6) In the North Wei's era, the Yueni castle was called as 'The east old castle" ; and 7) Shichengchen is apparently Charklik. Therefore it can be concluded that the city was transferred southward to Charkhlik in the first half of Hou Han's era.3. The Loulan's situation in the Wei-Cbin's era is re-examined with the documents unearthed from Loulan's ruin, in particular focusing on the link between the development of water-utilization and agriculture, its military- and police activities with the peripheries, and its trade relations with the peripheries. It is argued that Lou-lan not only secured Hsiyii Southern Road route, but also observed the Kara-shahr's activity regarding to Northern Road and Tienshan. Also, Lou-lan held close military relations with Turfan and Wu-chi lisiaowei. As for its relations with Chinese districts, it is argued that it had a special economic link with Tunhuang, and there would have been many bureaucrats and soldiers coming from Kuts'ang as well as from Tunhuang especially in the former Liang era.

本研究主要包括以下三个部分：1.对杉杉、楼兰及其周边地区的文献进行了梳理。特别是《楼兰》和《罗布诺》，列出了2000多部文学作品。这份名录成功获得了90%以上，并以《楼兰与罗布诺书目--第一个证据》的形式出版。通过对楼兰遗址的考察，明确了以下几点：(1)楼兰古堡不是在前汉时代建造的；(2)迁都时不可能改名；(3)楼兰与罗布泊的关系并不重要；(4)从敦煌到罗布泊的路线--古堡在罗布诺北侧；(5)哈罗西德文献没有将古堡与城堡区分开来；(6)北魏时代，月尼堡被称为“东方古堡”；7)石成臣显然是查克利克人。因此，可以断定，这座城市是在侯汉时代的前半期南迁至察尔克力克的。结合楼兰遗址出土的文献资料，重新考察了楼兰在魏晋时代的情况，重点考察了发展用水与农业的联系，楼兰与周边的军事和警察活动，以及楼兰与周边的贸易关系。据认为，楼兰不仅确保了西夷南路的安全，而且还观察到了喀拉沙尔人对北路和天山的活动。此外，楼兰与吐鲁番和吴起立小卫有着密切的军事关系。至于它与中国地区的关系，人们认为它与敦煌有特殊的经济联系，特别是在前梁时代，应该有许多来自国民党和敦煌的官僚和士兵。

项目成果

伊藤敏雄: "黄文弼とその後進たち-桜蘭調査を中心に-" 東洋学報. 80-4. 81-82 (1999)

伊藤敏夫：“黄文弼和他的后继者——聚焦樱兰研究”，东洋学报 80-4（1999）。

Ito, Toshio: "Huang Wenpi and his juniors" The Toyo Gakuho. Vol.80, No.4. 81-82 (1999)

伊藤俊夫：《黄文皮和他的后辈》东洋学报。

伊藤敏雄: "大谷光瑞" 岸本美緒等編『歴史学事典 第5巻 歴史家とその作品』弘文堂. 120-122 (1997)

伊藤俊雄：《大谷三水》岸本澪主编，《历史百科全书》第 5 卷：历史学家及其著作，古文堂 120-122（1997 年）。

Ito, Toshio, Otani Kozui: Kishimoto, Mio (ed.) An Encyclopedia of History. Vol.V. 120-122 (1997)

伊藤俊夫、大谷小瑞：岸本澪（主编）历史百科全书。

伊藤敏雄: "黄文弼とその後進たち-桜蘭調査を中心に-" 東洋学報. 80-3・4. (1999)

伊藤俊雄：《黄文弼和他的后继者——聚焦樱兰研究》东洋学报80-3/4（1999）。