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French public finance and budget system between 1871-1914

1871-1914 年间法国公共财政和预算体系

基本信息

批准号：
09610376
负责人：
YOSHII Akira
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY of EDUCATION, hakodate
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

[part.I]This part forcused on policy and administration of French public finance and budget system between 1871-1914.After Franco-Prussian War, French State had many problems on public finance, specially a sizable debts, a deficit of budget. On the other side, she had to re-construct the economic-social structure and army. The Government created new extraordinary budget system for according to those new tasks.. New systems were called, 'Compte de liquidation' (1872-1878) and 'budget extraordinaire (1879-1891)'. But, In the Great Depression the gouvernments had to integrate the extra-budget into the ordinary budget and to issue long-term treasury bonds for the liquidation of many debts originated from extra-budget expensive mechanism. And to cover interest payments, they had to 'discover' new resources from taxes, not from more emission of bonds. In the tradition of immobilisme of tax reform since the Revolution and struggles of political parties, it was dificult to do. But in that time, French trade policy returned to protectionism with national consensus even if not solid. The income of the protectionism tariff increased and could cover the shorfall of bodget.This new system to secure the 'budget unite system' without loans was a symbol of the financial policy of the third Republic in the turn of century.[part.II]This part was a review of studies about "French Republic" tradition.To trace the process of 'metamorphosis' of above finance-budget system, it is necessary to understand some historical caractors of government and parliament in that time.To do so, we tried to review studies of Claud Nicolet, Odile Rudelle and Pierre Rosanvalon, specially on the moment of Opportunisme and the role of senate.[part.III]a report of development of historical data-base system about Financial Acts. in that time.

[第一部分]本部分重点研究1871-1914年间法国公共财政和预算制度的政策和管理。普法战争后，法国国家在公共财政上出现了许多问题，特别是巨额债务、预算赤字。另一方面，她必须重建经济社会结构和军队。政府根据这些新任务创建了新的特别预算制度。新制度被称为“清算清算”（1872-1878）和“特别预算”（1879-1891）。但是，在大萧条时期，各国政府不得不将预算外预算纳入普通预算，并发行长期国债来清算许多源自预算外昂贵机制的债务。为了支付利息，他们必须从税收中“发现”新资源，而不是从更多的债券发行中。在革命以来税收改革固定不变的传统和政党斗争中，这是很难做到的。但当时法国的贸易政策又回到了保护主义，尽管并不牢固，但全国达成了共识。保护主义关税带来的收入增加，可以弥补预算的短缺。这种以无贷款的方式确保“预算统一制度”的新制度是世纪之交第三共和国财政政策的象征。[第二部分]本部分是对“法兰西共和国”传统研究的回顾。要追溯上述财政预算制度“变形”的过程，有必要了解当时政府和议会的一些历史特征。因此，我们试图回顾Claud Nicolet、Odile Rudelle和Pierre Rosanvalon的研究，特别是关于机会主义时刻和参议院的作用。[第三部分]金融行为历史数据库系统开发报告。在那段时间。