Jurisprudential research on encouragement policy of local commerce by the Act to Assist Targeted Commercial Areas and the role of small retailers

《目标商业地区支援法》对地方商业的鼓励政策及小型零售商的作用的法理研究

• 批准号: 09620052
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Terumasa
• 金额: $ 0.32万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima Keizai University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09620052/
• 关键词: Act on the Adjustment of Business Activities of Large Retailers; Act to Assist Targeted Commercial Areas; Basic Plan; Type of Highly Assembled Commercial Area to Encourage; Type of Local Commercial Area to Encourage; Type of Central Commercial Area t

The Act on the Adiustment of Business Activities of Large Retailers was enacted in 1973. And regulations against big retailers based on this act were relaxed in the 1990s. Consequently, a large number of big retail stores located everywhere in Japan, and almost small retailers in local areas were damaged seriously.In 1991, the Act to Assist Targeted Commercial Areas was enacted. Its slogan was "Reconstruction of town laying a stress on commercial areas", and its purpose was to encourage local commercial areas. It had three schemes for assisting.Firstly, "Type of highly assembled commercial area to encourage" plans were made by 13 cities and functioned as means to promote building of huge shopping centers. Secondly, "Type of local commercial area to encourage" plans were made at 38 areas. But as these plans put a stress on maintenance of roads or setting roadside lights and so on, many small retailers could not recover from their business stagnation. Thirdly, "Type of central commercial area to encourage" plan, that aimed to support building of a big retail shopping store at the center of the city, was made by only one city. Generally speaking, I think that this act and its schemes worked as ways and means of supporting big business retailers.On the other hand, everywhere in Japan, many small retailers in local shopping districts have begun to make new attacks on their own business problems without these assisting plans of this act. They have associated with each other, and endeavored to encourage their own business power. I can illustrate with 3 examples of such districts, Nishishinmiti Nishikikai Shotengai in Kyoto, Towa Ginza Shotengai in Tokyo and Kurokabe-Square in Nagahama.

1973年颁布了《调整大型零售商商业活动法》。基于该法案的针对大型零售商的法规在20世纪90年代有所放松。因此，遍布日本各地的大量大型零售店和几乎所有地方的小型零售店都受到了严重的破坏。1991年，制定了《目标商业区援助法》。其口号是“以商业区为重点的城市重建”，其目的是鼓励当地的商业区。它有三个辅助方案：第一，13个城市制定了“鼓励高度聚集型商业区”计划，作为促进大型购物中心建设的手段。第二，在38个地区制定了“鼓励地方商业区类型”计划。但是，由于这些计划的重点是道路的维修或设置路边灯等，许多小零售商无法从业务停滞中恢复过来。第三，只有一个城市制定了“鼓励型中心商业区”计划，旨在支持在城市中心建立大型零售商店。总的来说，我认为这一法案和它的计划起到了支持大型零售商的作用。另一方面，在日本各地，许多地方购物区的小型零售商已经开始在没有这一法案的这些辅助计划的情况下对自己的业务问题进行新的攻击。他们互相联系，互相鼓励，以增强自己的商业力量。我可以举三个这样的地区的例子，京都的西新满堤西纪会商店街，东京的东和银座商店街和长滨的黑壁广场。

项目成果

Terumasa Yamamoto: "Encouragement of Small Retailers and an Act to Assist Targeted Commercial Areas in Japan"Batoh, Tadaharu, ed. "Voluntary Economy and Community", Nihonhyoronsha. 51-105 (1998)

Terumasa Yamamoto：“小型零售商的鼓励和日本目标商业领域的援助法案”Batoh，Tadaharu，编辑。

鹿児島経済大学地域総合研究所: "ボランタリー・エコノミーと地域形成"日本経済評論社. 327 (1998)

鹿儿岛经济大学区域研究所：“自愿经济与区域形成”日本经济孝论社327（1998）。