Survey Research on the Environment of Researchers in Japan--A Male-female Comparison

第二次世界大战结束50多年来，日本大学的女本科生和研究生分别占学生总数的30%和20%。相比之下，大学的女性教职员工只占男女教职员工总数的10%，这表明女性在学术界仍然是少数。在这种背景下，本研究旨在从性别角度分析研究人员的研究环境，并提出改善现有研究环境和培养后代的措施，以实施1994年5月日本科学委员会第15届任期期间通过的一项关于改善女研究人员环境的迫切需要的提案。然后，从这28个社会的目录中随机选择了总共5000个样本(3225个女性和1775个男性)进行男女比较。其次，通过邮寄方式发放调查问卷，回收问卷2042份(女性1353份，男性689份)，占40.84%。所附报告如下：第一章：研究总结；第二章：受访者概况；第三章：当前研究活动；第四章：与研究活动有关的认知因素；第五章：研究人员的就业和工作条件；第六章：生命历程分析；第七章：性别歧视和性骚扰；第八章：对参与各学术团体学术活动的女性研究人员的调查结果(学术团体的性别统计)；以及附录：问卷单。

More than 50 years have passed since the end of World War II,women undergraduate students and graduate students at Japan's universities have reached 30 percent and 20 percent of the total number of students, respectively. By contrast, the female faculty at universities account for only 10 percent of the male-female total, indicating that women remain a minority in academic circles. With this background, this study aims to analyze from gender perspective the research environment of researchers and propose measures to improve the current research environment and to foster the future generation, in order to implement a proposal addressing the urgent need to improve the environment of women researchers adopted during the 15th term of the Science Council of Japan in May, 1994.For a questionnaire survey, we selected 28 academic societies out of those which 24 women liaison members of the Science Council of Japan during its 16th term (1994 to 1997) are affiliated with. Then a total of 5,000 samples (3,225 females and 1,775 males) was randomly chosen from the directories of those 28 societies for a male-female comparison. Next, questionnaires were distributed by mail, out of which 2,042 responses (1,353 females and 689 males), which amounts to 40.84 percent, were obtained. Meanwhile, gendered statistics of academic societies were collected.The attached report is organized as follows : Chapter 1 : A summary of this research ; Chapter 2 : A profile of the respondents ; Chapter 3 : Current research activities ; Chapter 4 : Congnitive factors related to research activities ; Chapter 5 : Employment and working conditions of researchers ; Chapter 6 : Life-course analysis ; Chapter 7 : Gender discrimination and sexual harassment ; Chapter 8 : Results of a survey on women researchers participating in academic activities in each academic society (gendered statistics of academic societies) ; and Appendix : Questionnaire sheet.