EXPERIMENTS AND EVALUATION OF LOW ENERGY HOUSE WITH SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

本研究的目的是评估低能耗房屋的有效性，该房屋由混合能源、未使用能源和热能储存系统辅助，以及城市地区理想的能源系统。以下简要描述了其中的一些发现。对雪区利用太阳能和风能的可能性进行了评价。结果表明，利用积雪表面的高反照率可以提高冬季光伏系统的效率。接下来，对既能发电又能发热的混合太阳能集热器进行了实验和分析。混合集热器的效率优于光伏电池和传统太阳能集热器。我们还对光伏电池和风力发电机的组合系统进行了计算机模拟。结果表明，存在一种实现电力自给自足的最佳解决办法。通过两年多的地温实测，编制了积雪地区地温的计算方法，为地下热能利用系统提供基础数据基础。其次，提出了年储能特性评价的新概念。在长期实验的基础上，可以说这个系统是可以长期使用的。在北海道建造了一座低能耗房屋，并进行了年度试验。由于运营的结果，其能源需求的80%来自自然能源和未使用的能源。地下热能利用系统占总能源需求的36%。从而明确了该制度的有效性。该住宅的年购买能源是北海道典型住宅能源消耗的12.5%。其次，编制了低能耗住宅的计算程序。从节能环保的角度，计算结果显示了国内其他地区实现自给自足的可能性。对城市理想能源系统的有效性进行了评价。通过对热电联产系统的分析，一次能源年减耗率为10% ~ 30%。其次，定量分析了自然自由对流对蓄水层蓄热回收率的影响。通过实验验证，从长期和短期能量循环的角度来看，该装置的热回收率都很高。为了实现成功的高温含水层蓄热系统，必须考虑自然自由对流的影响。少

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low energy house, which is assisted by hybrid energy resources, unused energy and a thermal energy storage system, and a desirable energy system for urban areas. Some of the findings are briefly described in the following.1. The possibility of solar energy and wind power in snowy regions was evaluated. It was shown that the efficiency of a photovoltaic system in winter could be improved by utilizing high albedo of the surface of the snow. Next, experiments and analyses on hybrid solar collectors, which produce both electric power and heat, were examined. The hybrid collectors' efficiency was superior to photovoltaic cells and conventional solar collectors. We also carried out computer simulations on a combined system both photovoltaic cells and wind power generators. As a result, an indication of the existence of an optimal solution to achieve self-sufficiency in electric power was given.2. We have measured the earth tempe … More rature for about two years and prepared a calculation method of the temperature for snowy regions in order to make a fundamental data base for an underground thermal energy utilization system. Next, a new concept on evaluation of characteristics of annual energy storage was proposed. On the basis of long term experiments, it is possible to say that this system could be utilized over a long period.3. A low energy house was built in Hokkaido and annual experiments were examined. As a result of the operation, 80 % of its energy demand was supplied from natural energy resources and unused energy. 36 % of the total energy demand was from an underground thermal energy utilization system. Therefore, the effectiveness of the system was clarified. Annual purchased energy of this house was 12.5 % of energy consumption of a typical house in Hokkaido. Next, a calculation program for the low energy house was developed. From aspects of energy saving and environmental protection, the calculation results showed the possibility of self-sufficiency in other domestic regions.4. The effectiveness of desirable energy system for urban areas was evaluated. From analyses on a combined heat and power system, annual primary energy reduction rate was 10 to 30 %. Next, quantitative analyses were examined on the influence of natural free convection on heat recovery ratio of an aquifer for thermal energy storage. Through experiments, it was verified that the heat recovery ratio was very high from the viewpoint of long and short term energy cycles. In order to realize a successful high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage system, it is necessary to take account of the influence of natural free convection. Less