EXPERIMENTS AND EVALUATION OF LOW ENERGY HOUSE WITH SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

本研究的目的是评估一个低能耗的房子，这是由混合能源，未使用的能源和热能储存系统，并为城市地区理想的能源系统的援助的有效性。下文简要介绍了一些调查结果。对太阳能和风能在雪区利用的可能性进行了评估。结果表明，利用雪表面的高反射率可以提高光伏系统在冬季的效率。接下来，对既产生电力又产生热量的混合太阳能集热器进行了实验和分析。混合集热器的效率优于光伏电池和传统的太阳能集热器的上级。我们还对光伏电池和风力发电机的组合系统进行了计算机模拟。结果表明，存在一个实现电力自给自足的最佳解决方案。我们测量了地球的滕佩 关于我们 经过两年的试验研究，初步建立了积雪地区温度的计算方法，为地下热能利用系统的建立奠定了基础。其次，提出了一种新的概念，评价全年储能特性。在长期实验的基础上，可以说这个系统可以长期使用。在北海道建造了一个低能耗住宅，并进行了年度试验。由于该业务，其80%的能源需求由天然能源和未使用的能源提供。36%的能源需求来自地下热能利用系统。因此，阐明了该制度的有效性。该住宅的年购买能源是北海道典型住宅能源消耗的12.5%。其次，开发了低能耗住宅的计算程序。从节能和环保两方面考虑，计算结果显示了国内其他地区实现自给自足的可能性.评价了城市理想能源系统的有效性。从热电联产系统的分析，每年的一次能源减少率为10%至30%。其次，定量分析了自然对流对蓄能含水层热回收率的影响。通过实验，从长期和短期能量循环的角度验证了热回收率很高。为了成功地实现高温含水层储能系统，必须考虑自然对流的影响。少

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low energy house, which is assisted by hybrid energy resources, unused energy and a thermal energy storage system, and a desirable energy system for urban areas. Some of the findings are briefly described in the following.1. The possibility of solar energy and wind power in snowy regions was evaluated. It was shown that the efficiency of a photovoltaic system in winter could be improved by utilizing high albedo of the surface of the snow. Next, experiments and analyses on hybrid solar collectors, which produce both electric power and heat, were examined. The hybrid collectors' efficiency was superior to photovoltaic cells and conventional solar collectors. We also carried out computer simulations on a combined system both photovoltaic cells and wind power generators. As a result, an indication of the existence of an optimal solution to achieve self-sufficiency in electric power was given.2. We have measured the earth tempe … More rature for about two years and prepared a calculation method of the temperature for snowy regions in order to make a fundamental data base for an underground thermal energy utilization system. Next, a new concept on evaluation of characteristics of annual energy storage was proposed. On the basis of long term experiments, it is possible to say that this system could be utilized over a long period.3. A low energy house was built in Hokkaido and annual experiments were examined. As a result of the operation, 80 % of its energy demand was supplied from natural energy resources and unused energy. 36 % of the total energy demand was from an underground thermal energy utilization system. Therefore, the effectiveness of the system was clarified. Annual purchased energy of this house was 12.5 % of energy consumption of a typical house in Hokkaido. Next, a calculation program for the low energy house was developed. From aspects of energy saving and environmental protection, the calculation results showed the possibility of self-sufficiency in other domestic regions.4. The effectiveness of desirable energy system for urban areas was evaluated. From analyses on a combined heat and power system, annual primary energy reduction rate was 10 to 30 %. Next, quantitative analyses were examined on the influence of natural free convection on heat recovery ratio of an aquifer for thermal energy storage. Through experiments, it was verified that the heat recovery ratio was very high from the viewpoint of long and short term energy cycles. In order to realize a successful high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage system, it is necessary to take account of the influence of natural free convection. Less