Studies on the development of novel biodegradable plastics from biomass such as wood and cellulose.

首先，开发了一种基于在熔融加工过程中与二元酸酐和单环氧化物反应的醋酸纤维素（CA）增塑方法。这种反应性熔融加工方法允许使用实际工艺条件制备可生物降解的纤维素塑料。在加工过程中，形成接枝低聚酯和均低聚酯。这些均低聚酯通常从模制品内部迁移到表面。结果表明，在CA分子中引入低聚酯侧链，增强了改性CA与均低聚酯之间的亲和力，防止了迁移（出血）。基于这些结果，已经探索了用于提高接枝量的方法。作为增强接枝的延伸，本文发展了一种基于环酯选择性接枝的CA增塑方法，通过开环聚合可制备选择性接枝产物。 ...更多信息 n在140处处于熔融状态。C中，以二氧化锡为催化剂，其中具有剩余羟基的CA作为引发剂。通过这种选择性接枝增塑CA可以解决泌水问题。通过使用适当的反应条件，接枝进行迅速。研究了生物质的液化反应及其制备的三维固化树脂。液化机理可以在分子水平上得到阐明，包括实际的酸催化液化。测定了液化产物的热固化性，讨论了液化条件对固化性的影响，并试图提高模塑材料的物理性能。在米糠沥青中引入功能基团，以改性后的米糠沥青为多元醇制备聚氨酯型聚氨酯，得到了高质量的产品。在各种反应产物中证实了生物降解性的增强。少

At first, a plasticization method for cellulose acetates(CAs) that is based on the reaction with dibasic acid anhydrides and monoepoxide during melt processing was developed. This reactive melt-processing method allowed the preparation of biodegradable cellulose plastics using practical process conditions. During the processing, grafted oligoesters and the homo-oligoesters were formed. These homo-oligoesters were often migrated from inside to the surface within the moldings. It was proved that the introduction of oligoester side chains into the CA molecules resulted in an enhanced affinity between the modified CAs and homo-oligoesters, preventing the migration (bleeding). Based on these results, a method for enhancing the amount of grafting has been pursued. As the extension of the enhancement of the grafting, a plasticization method for CAs based on the selective grafting of cyclic esters has been developed The selective-garfted products could be prepared by ring-opening polymerizatio … More n in the melt state at 140 。C using tin octoate as catalyst, where CAs with remaining hydroxyl groups worked as initiator. Plasticization of CAs by this selective grafting can solve the problem of the bleeding. By using adequate reaction conditions, the grafting proceeded rapidly. The reaction products with high processibilites and physical properties could be obtained, liquefaction of biomass and three dimensionally curable resins there from have been studied. The mechanisms of the liquefaction could be elucidated in the molecular level including the practical acid catalyzed liquefaction. The thermal curabilities of the liquefied products were measured and discussed in relation to the conditions of the liquefaction and the physical properties of the molded materials were tried to be enhanced. Introductions of the functional groups into rice bran pitch were performed and the polyurethane type forms using the modified rice bran pitch as the polyol were prepared resulting in products with high qualities. Enhancement of the biodegradabilities was confirmed in the various reaction products. Less