Studies on the development of novel biodegradable plastics from biomass such as wood and cellulose.

首先，开发了一种基于二元酸酐和一元环氧化合物在熔融加工过程中发生反应的醋酸纤维素酯(CA)的增塑方法。这种反应性熔融加工方法允许在实际工艺条件下制备可生物降解的纤维素塑料。在加工过程中，形成了接枝低聚酯和均聚寡酯。这些同系低聚物经常从模子内部迁移到表面。结果表明，在CA分子中引入了寡酯侧链，提高了改性后的CA与同寡酯之间的亲和力，防止了CA的迁移(渗出)。基于这些结果，寻求了一种提高接枝量的方法。作为增强接枝作用的延伸，开发了一种基于环酯选择性接枝的CA增塑方法，通过开环聚合…可制得选择性增塑制品在140处，更多的n处于熔融状态。C以辛酸锡为催化剂，剩余羟基的CaS为引发剂。用这种选择性接枝的方法对铸件进行塑化，可以解决渗漏问题。在适宜的反应条件下，接枝反应进行得很快。反应产物具有较高的加工性和物理性能，对生物质及其三维固化树脂的液化进行了研究。液化的机理可以从分子水平上加以解释，包括实际的酸催化液化。对液化产物的热固化性与液化条件的关系进行了测量和讨论，并试图提高模塑材料的物理性能。将官能团引入米糠沥青中，制备了以改性米糠沥青为多元醇的聚氨基甲酸酯型聚合物，产品质量较高。在各种反应产物中证实了生物降解性的增强。较少

At first, a plasticization method for cellulose acetates(CAs) that is based on the reaction with dibasic acid anhydrides and monoepoxide during melt processing was developed. This reactive melt-processing method allowed the preparation of biodegradable cellulose plastics using practical process conditions. During the processing, grafted oligoesters and the homo-oligoesters were formed. These homo-oligoesters were often migrated from inside to the surface within the moldings. It was proved that the introduction of oligoester side chains into the CA molecules resulted in an enhanced affinity between the modified CAs and homo-oligoesters, preventing the migration (bleeding). Based on these results, a method for enhancing the amount of grafting has been pursued. As the extension of the enhancement of the grafting, a plasticization method for CAs based on the selective grafting of cyclic esters has been developed The selective-garfted products could be prepared by ring-opening polymerizatio … More n in the melt state at 140 。C using tin octoate as catalyst, where CAs with remaining hydroxyl groups worked as initiator. Plasticization of CAs by this selective grafting can solve the problem of the bleeding. By using adequate reaction conditions, the grafting proceeded rapidly. The reaction products with high processibilites and physical properties could be obtained, liquefaction of biomass and three dimensionally curable resins there from have been studied. The mechanisms of the liquefaction could be elucidated in the molecular level including the practical acid catalyzed liquefaction. The thermal curabilities of the liquefied products were measured and discussed in relation to the conditions of the liquefaction and the physical properties of the molded materials were tried to be enhanced. Introductions of the functional groups into rice bran pitch were performed and the polyurethane type forms using the modified rice bran pitch as the polyol were prepared resulting in products with high qualities. Enhancement of the biodegradabilities was confirmed in the various reaction products. Less