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Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymer from Lignocellulose and confirmation of its innoxiousness on the biodegradation process

以木质纤维素为原料开发新型可生物降解聚合物并证实其在生物降解过程中的无毒性

基本信息

批准号：
10356005
负责人：
SHIRAISHI Nobuo
金额：
$ 15.49万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to develop plastic materials having thermo-moldability and physical properties almost equal to those for the currently common synthetic polymers, the most practical cellulose derivative, cellulose diacetates (DS 2.1-2.2)(CDA) have been plasticized by the ring-opening graft-polymerization of cyclic esters as well as by kneading reactions of maleic acid anhydride and monoepoxides or polyhydric alcohols. The same plasticization of CDA has been also found to be achieved by blending with aliphatic polyesters. On the other hand, concerning liquefaction of biomass including lignocellulosics, it was known that it could be easily proceeded in the presences of phenol, water and a catalytic amounts of sulfuric acid, even at 120℃. In this case, it was also found that recondensation reactions of depolymerized lignin were favorably depressed, and that the liquefaction mechanism is heterolytic one. At the same time, although liquefaction of corn bran in the presence of phenol or polyhydric a … More lcohols was first found to be difficult, the conditions which made them easier were found, the characterization of the liquefied products, resinification of the liquefied products by co-condensation with formaldehyde in suitable small amounts, as well as polyurethane forming of polyhydric alcohol liquefied products were studied. On the other hand, innoxiousness for using these moldings and foams thus obtained was studied. These samples were pulverized, extracted with boiled water or ethanol/water solution at 80℃ for 72 hrs and the extracts were concentrated. For these concentrated extracts, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity were checked by umu-test. The concentrated extracts were also examined whether they reveal endocrine disruptor's effect or not. The results revealed that the present molded samples and foams from liquefied biomass are quite safety for daily use. The biodegradability and the general toxicity of the polymeric materials prepared from biomass and cellulose were examined and meaningful results could be obtained. Less

为了开发具有与目前常用的合成聚合物几乎相同的热成型性和物理性能的塑料材料，最实用的纤维素衍生物二乙酸纤维素（DS 2.1-2.2）（CDA）已经通过环酯的开环接枝聚合以及通过马来酸酐和单环氧化物或多元醇的捏合反应增塑。还发现通过与脂肪族聚酯共混也可实现CDA的相同增塑。另一方面，关于包括木质纤维素的生物质的液化，已知即使在120℃下，在苯酚、水和催化量的硫酸的存在下也可以容易地进行。在这种情况下，还发现解聚木质素的再缩合反应被有利地抑制，并且液化机理是异裂机理。同时，虽然在苯酚或多元醇存在下，玉米麸皮的液化 ...更多信息首先发现多元醇是困难的，找到了使其更容易的条件，研究了液化产物的表征、通过与适当少量的甲醛共缩合使液化产物树脂化，以及多元醇液化产物的聚氨酯形成。另一方面，研究了使用由此获得的这些模制品和泡沫体的无毒性。将这些样品粉碎，用沸水或乙醇/水溶液在80℃下提取72 h，并浓缩提取物。对于这些浓缩浸提液，通过umu试验检查了致突变性和致癌性。浓缩提取物也被检查是否显示内分泌干扰物的影响。结果表明，目前的成型样品和泡沫液化生物质是相当安全的日常使用。对生物质和纤维素制备的高分子材料的生物降解性和一般毒性进行了研究，得到了有意义的结果。少