Comparative Sociological Study on the New Culture Formation of Community in Transition

日本的许多社区目前正经历着巨大的变化。造成这种变化的因素之一是越来越多的具有不同文化的外国人在社区定居下来。外国居民的问题不仅限于法律和经济方面。如何保存他们的文化和生活方式，如何建立一个日本人和外国居民可以共存的新社区是另一个重要的问题。本研究考察了一个可能有助于建立新型社区的过程。川崎市的韩国居民最初是在强制引进政策下抵达日本的。由于日本社会的排他性和各种歧视，在日朝鲜人只能集中在不合格的飞地，忍受恶劣的生活条件。为了解决这些恶劣的生活条件，韩国教会川崎分会在日本成立了社会福利法人“Seikyusha”。Seikyusha最初是一个教育运动，旨在确认他们自己的身份，并最大限度地提高他们的独立性。该运动要求在社区建立韩日儿童日托制度。他们还要求确保小学和初中的朝鲜族教育。富来馆的活动包括幼儿园的运营、放学后照顾学生的设施、文化课程、韩国语课程、韩国鼓学校、民族舞蹈学校等。其主要活动还包括以人权为重点的社会教育讲习班；为新来者和韩国老太太开设的日语班，为残疾人开设的社交圈。通过这些活动，日本人和韩国人了解了各自的文化，相互了解，最终形成了一种新的社区文化。可以说，这个社区已经开始了一项运动，他们自己建立了一个共存的地区，以富莱厅为他们的活动场所。少

Many communities in Japan are presently experiencing a drastic change. One of the factors causing this change is that more and more foreigners with different culture are settling down in the communities. The problems of foreign residents are not limited to legal and economic dimensions. How to preserve their culture and way of living, and how to establish a new community in which Japanese people and foreign residents can coexist is another great concern. This study examines a process which may be instrumental in establishing a new type of communityThe Korean residbnts in Kawasaki city first arrived in Japan under a policy of enforced bringing. Because of the exclusiveness of Japanese society and the various kinds of discrimination, Korean residents in Japan could not help but concentrate in substandard enclaves and submit to bad living conditions. To address these poor living conditions , Seikyusha' a social welfare corporation was established by the Kawasaki Branch of the Korean Churc … More h in Japan. Seikyusha started as a educational movement to confirm their own identities and to maximize their independence. This movement made demands for a day care system for both Korean and Japanese children in the community. They also demanded that Korean ethnic education in elementary and junior high schools should be ensured.The activities of Fureai Hall included the operation of nursery schools, facilities for taking care of students affer school, cultural courses, Korean language course, Korean drum school, and a Korean folk dancs school. Among their main activities are also social education workshops focused on human tights ; a Japanese language class for newcomers and Halmoni (Korean old women), and a social circle for the handicapped. Through these activities Japanese people and Korea residents learned about their respective cultures and decpended their understanding of each other, and eventually a new community culture was formed.It can be said that this community has started a movement on their own to built, an area for coexistence, with, Fureai Hall, as the locus of their activities. Less