Behavior of Environmental Micropollutants and Bioassay for Safety Assessment of Landfill Sites

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The treatment and disposal of waste is a more serious issues then ever year by year.Especially, the problems of environmental micropollutants such as Dioxins, PCBs and Endocrine disrupters has been become a social issues in Japan. The authors have developed a new landfill system, named REALACS, which combines the recirculatory semiaerobic landfill and the activated cover soil. The conducted experiments showed the effectiveness of the activated cover soil on decomposing and/or adsorbing the environmental micropollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants and DBP.As the relationships between waste volume and each treatment technique, such as intermediate treatment, recycling and final disposal, change over time, ideal final disposal, landfill technologies and landfill functions are also changing. Through this project study for 3 years, it suggests that the functions required for landfill sites need to be extended beyond the conventional role as a final dumping and purifying site to … More include functions such as storing and safekeeping of potentially reusable material resources. Based on the above mentioned, the authors propose the concept of "Depo-Land" ( Deposit Landfill) for landfills in the 21st century, where sites should have the following aims ;1)to classify and separately store wastes, allowing better monitoring and future reuse of the resources (separate landfilling method),2)to have purifying and deposit functions (for example, using the REALACS system),3)to safely dispose unrecoverable wastes in a separate facility such as a closed system, which could have a parallel use of the top cover during the landfill operations.The future landfill sited should also have a long-range monitoring measure system in which bioassay techniques such as mutagenic test are introduced as a prevention measure for pollution risks. In this way, the authors would like to emphasize the importance of adequating the function of landfill in order to meet future global realities such as the scarcity of raw materials and land. Less