Regulatory functions of soil-plant ecosystems to geochemical element cycling

土壤-植物系统发展了系统中的元素循环。元素循环通过元素在土壤圈和大气之间的相互扩散以及从土壤圈到水圈的外流来决定水圈和大气的质量。通过对森林生态系统中盐基-阳离子循环的研究结果表明，森林土壤中的盐基阳离子减少，而植物中的盐基阳离子增加。这表明大气输入对于维持土壤-植物系统是不可或缺的。然而，由于硝化作用，大气供铵会导致土壤酸化。一般来说，氮素供应可以促进植物生长，但更大的生长也需要其他营养物质。因此。诱导的土壤酸化效应是由于植物对盐基阳离子的吸收加速所致，因此，土壤酸化会降低植物的g…。更多的划船。因此，从最小定律的观点来看，大气输入中的植物营养平衡是重要的，同样，过量的施肥会导致硝酸盐淋失和一氧化二氮的排放，导致水层和大气质量的下降。城市地区的土地利用变化和废物控制也影响着区域尺度上的元素循环。例如，为维护水资源而修建的堤坝-湖泊成为甲烷排放的来源，这表明更大的影响不仅仅是减少森林土壤的面积，森林土壤从大气中吸收甲烷。对北海道区域氮素循环的调查表明，由于集约农业经营，农田土壤变得富营养化。许多人和动物的排泄物没有回收利用，废物中的大量氮被排放到河里。对于这一问题，受极小值法则限制的森林土壤和富营养化的耕地不具备调节这种偏态区域养分循环的能力，土壤-植物系统通过包括植物吸收和有机质分解在内的生物地球化学元素循环来调节地球化学元素的循环。然而，土壤-植物系统也受到大气输入的影响，并且容易受到人类活动的影响。因此，土壤-植物系统的调节功能和系统本身在维持环境质量方面可能是脆弱的。我们要保护好功能，保护好制度。因此，有必要研究生物地球化学循环中营养物质之间的相互关系。较少

Soil-plant system develops element cycling in the system. Element cycling determines the quality of aquasphere and atmosphere by inter-diffusion of elements between pedosphere and atmosphere and outflow from pedosphere to aquasphere. This study was conducted to investigate the element cycling and to evaluate the effect of human activity on element discharge from the soil-plant system.Results obtained from the investigation for base-cation cycling in forest-ecosystems showed those base cations in forest soils decreased, while base cations in plants increased. This suggests that atmospheric input is indispensable to sustain the soil-plant system. However, atmospheric supply of ammonium induces soil acidification due to nitrification. Generally, nitrogen supply improves plant growth, but bigger growth also requires other nutrients. Therefore. the induced soil acidification effect is due to the acceleration of base cation uptake by plant Consequently, soil acidification will reduce plant g … More rowth. Thus, plant-nutritional balance in atmospheric inputs is important from the viewpoint of the law of the minimum, In the same manner, excess fertilization induces nitrate leaching and emission of nitrous oxide, resulting in the degradation of the quality of aquasphere and atmosphere.Land use change and waste control in urban area also influenced element cycling in regional scale. For example, dam-lake constructed to maintain water resources became a source of methane emission, indicating that a greater impact occurs more than just decreasing the area of forest soil, which absorbs methane from the atmosphere. Investigation of regional nitrogen cycling in Hokkaido indicated that amble land soil became eutrophic due to intensive agricultural management. Many human and animal wastes were not recycled and a substantial amount of nitrogen from the wastes was discharged to the river. Concerning this problem, a forest soil limited by the law of the minimum and an eutrophic arable land do not have any capacities to regulate such kind of skewed regional nutrient cycling.Soil-plant system regulates geochemical element cycling by means of biogeochemical element cycling including plant uptake and organic matter decomposition. However, soil-plant system is also influenced by atmospheric inputs and is easily changed by human activity. Consequently, the regulatory function of soil-plant system and the system itself may be fragile to maintain environmental quality. We should conserve the function and the system. Therefore, it is required to study the interrelationship between nutrients in biogeochemical cycling. Less