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Studies on the response of trees to drought- and heat-stress under climate changes

气候变化下树木对干旱和热应激的响应研究

基本信息

批准号：
08456074
负责人：
KOBAYASHI Tatsuaki
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.Effects on photosynthetic processes The responses to heat and water stress were studied for Stewartia pseudocamellia (Sp), Stewartia monadelpha (Sm), Cornus florida (Cf), Liriodendron tulipifera (Lt) and Quercus serrata (Qs). Carbo-oxylation efficiency and photon yield of Sp decreased on 40ﾟC.Stomatal conductance of Cf and Lt was suppressed and recovered after treatment. The effect was seldom observed on Qs. Due to complex effect of heat and water stress, the photosynthetic processes of Sm and Cf were inhibited under the more mild condition than single stress.2.Heat effects on reproductive organ Treatment of high temperature 40ﾟC did not affected the vegetative growth of Capsicum frutescens, but decreased the reproductive growth. The mechanism of the effects on reproductive organ was studied through the analysis of assimilation and allocation.3.Mathematical model on drought injury The model was composed of the sub-models of evapo-transpiration, water uptake, changes of soil moisture and heat budget of leaf. The injury was assumed to be caused by leaf temperature and dehydration. On the assumption of the physiological parameters of Populus alba, heat injury was caused on the higher air temperature than 38ﾟC.If LAI of stand of Populus alba is 6 and available soil thickness is 50cm, drought damage was caused after 2 weeks of rainless period.4.Stress-monitoring The method of stress-monitoring of trees was studied for the use of the high-resolution satellite data. The treatment of water- and heat-stress shifted the red edge of Sp 15nm to the side of short wave region. The increase of stress index was correlated to the decrease of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.

1.对光合过程的影响研究了假山茶（Sp）、单脉紫茎（Sm）、山茱萸（Cf）、鹅掌楸（Lt）和锯缘栎（Qs）对高温和水分胁迫的响应。40 ℃处理使Sp的碳氧合效率和光子产额下降，Cf和Lt的气孔导度受到抑制，处理后又恢复。很少观察到对Qs的影响。由于高温和水分胁迫的复合作用，Sm和Cf的光合作用过程在较单一胁迫条件下受到抑制，且抑制程度较轻。2.生殖器官的热效应40 ℃高温处理对辣椒的营养生长没有影响，但降低了生殖生长。通过对水分同化和分配的分析，探讨了干旱对生殖器官影响的机理。3.干旱伤害数学模型模型由蒸散、水分吸收、土壤水分变化和叶片热量收支等子模型组成。这种伤害被认为是由叶片温度和脱水引起的。根据银白杨的生理参数假设，当气温高于38 ℃时，造成热害，当林分叶面积指数（LAI）为6，有效土壤厚度为50cm时，经过2周的无雨期后，造成干旱。4.胁迫监测研究了利用高分辨率卫星数据进行树木胁迫监测的方法。水和热胁迫处理使Sp15nm的红边向短波一侧移动。胁迫指数的增加与光合速率和气孔导度的降低有关。