Geographical Variation in Phenological Characteristics of Quercus spp.And Establishment of provenance test sites.

1996 - 1998年，在11个研究点、9个大学林场对成树物候进行了研究。在各大学林建立种源试验点，从各大学林的成树中选择母树的种子进行种源试验。对苗木的物候特征进行了调查。具体研究内容如下：1。成年树物候学用<s:1>眼测量法测定开花时间、开花时间以及树冠上的叶、花和橡子数量。在被调查的树木下设置凋落物陷阱，测量落叶、落花、落果。为了分析物候时间与环境条件之间的关系，我们测量了树冠下的空气温度。种源试验点的建立：在北海道大学（乌龙和中川）、山奈川大学（神奈川）、筑波大学（山竹）、东京大学（北海道和Chichibu）、东京农业大学（东京农业大学）建立了蒙古栎、serrata栎和acutissima栎种子的种源试验点。2 .日本理工大学（卡拉山、大谷山、草崎、埼玉）、静冈大学（神谷）、京都大学（神模）、鸟取县大学（平原）、九州大学（福冈）。对各种源试验点的幼苗物候进行了发芽时间和叶片数量的调查。用SPAD测定仪（美能达SPAD-502）测量落叶前夏季到秋季叶片颜色的变化。为了分析物候时间与环境条件之间的关系，测定了种源试验点的气温。在此基础上，比较了成树和种源的物候特征。积温是影响物候变化的最主要因素，各研究点间的纵向差异对物候变化的时间影响较小。

Phenology of adult trees had been investigated for three years (1996 - 1998) at 11 study sites, 9 university forestsﾟCin total. And provenance test Sites were established at each university forests with seeds taken from mother treesﾟCselected from the adult trees in each university forests. The phenological characteristics had been surveyed on seedlingsﾟCin provenance test sites. The study contents in detail were as follows.1. Phenology of adult trees Timing of flushing, flowering, and amount of leaf, flower and acorn on tree crown byﾟCeye measurement. And litter traps were set under investigated trees for measurement of defoliation, fallen flowersﾟCand fallen acorns. For analysis between the phenological timing and environment condition, air temperature underﾟCthe crown was measured.2. Establishment of provenance test sites : Provenance test sites were established with seeds of Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, Quercus serrata, and Quercus acutissima at Hokkaido Univ. (Uryu and Nakagawa), Yamagata Univ. (Kaminagawa), Tsukuba Univ. (Yatsugatake), Univ. of Tokyo (Hokkaido and Chichibu), Tokyo Univ. of Agric. and Tech. (Karasawayama, Ohtaniyama, Kusaki and Saitama), Shizuoka Univ. (Kamiatago), Kyoto Univ. (Kamigamo), Tottori Univ. (Hiruzen) and Kyushu Univ. (Fukuoka).3. Phenology of seedlings in provenance test sites Timing of germination and amount and number of leaves of seedlings were surveyed in each provenance test site. Change in leaf color from summer to autumn before defoliation measured by SPAD meter (Minolta SPAD-502). For analysis between the phenological timing and environment condition, air temperature in provenance test sites was measured.Above these measurements, phenological characteristics were compared among adult trees and provenance. The most important factor was accumulated temperature, and longitudinal difference among study sites slightly affected on timing of phenological change.