An ethological study on behavioral development and learning disabilities for extremely-low-birthweight children.

我们的研究对象是153名6至9岁的极低出生体重（ELBW）儿童及其33名兄弟姐妹作为对照。利用VTR摄像机观察了它们在测试过程中的行为，并采用1 - 0采样法对VTR记录进行了定量分析。研究对象分为智力迟滞（MD）组34人（22.5%），智商≥79；非迟滞组119人（77.5%），智商≥80。MD组包括23名智障儿童和11名边缘儿童。根据小学生评定量表的结果，将非迟滞组分为疑似迟滞组（LD） 42例（27.5%）和正常发育组（TD） 77例（50.3%）。ELBW儿童在WISC-R、Frostig’s视觉知觉发展测试、Bender格式塔测试和画人测试等多项心理测试中的得分均显著低于对照组。然而，TD组的得分与对照组没有差异。LD和MD组比对照组有更多的行为问题。然而，在行为问题的发生率上，TD组与对照组没有差异。这些结果表明，早产可能不会影响认知能力和行为问题的发生率。我们发现了有价值的行为指标来预测ELBW儿童的残疾。它们包括自发的语言表达，反应性的语言表达，点头，转动或移动转椅，解决Frostig测试的时间，以及注视测试者的平均持续时间。例如，LD组注视测试者的时间比TD组和MD组短。这可能反映了LD组的注意广度较短。基于上述行为指标的判别函数正确预测了TD组83.3%、LD组50.0%、MD组72.7%患儿的原始分类，共计72.0%。正确的评估和有效的干预是ELBW儿童的首要任务。本研究表明，行为评估有助于准确预测弱智儿童的智力障碍和智力迟缓。少

Our subjects were 153 extremely-low-birthweight (ELBW) children ranging in age from 6 to 9 years old and their 33 siblings as control. We observed their behaviors during testing using VTR camera and quantitatively analyzed VTR records with one-zero sampling method. The subjects were classified as follows : the mentally delayd (MD) group of 34 subjects (22.5%) whose IQs were equal to or less than 79, and the nondelayd group of 119 subjects (77.5%) whose IQs were al least 80. The MD group consisted of 23 mentally retarded children and 11 borderline children. Using the results of the Pupil Rating Scale, the nondelayd group was subdevided into the LD-Suspected (LD) group of 42 children (27.5%) and the group of 77 typically developing (TD) children (50.3%). ELBW children showed significantly lower scores in almost of psychological tests including WISC-R,Frostig's developmental test of visual perception, Bender Gestalt Test, and Draw-A-Man Test than control. However, scores of TD group were … More not different from control. LD and MD group were found to have more behavior problems than control. However, TD group were not different from control on the incidence of behavioral problems. These results suggests that prematurity might not influence cognitive ability and incidence of behavioral problems. We found valuable behavioral indices to predict handicaps of ELBW children. They cinsist of spontaneous verbalization, responsive verbalization, nodding, turn or shift with a swivel chair, time spent for solving Frostig test, and mean duration of gaze directed to a tester. For example, LD group showed shorter duration of gaze directed to a tester than TD and MD groups. This might reflect shorter span of attention in LD group. A discriminat function based on behavioral indices above mentioned correctly predicted the original classification of 83.3% of children in TD group, 50.0% in LD group, 72.7% MD group, and totally 72.0% of all cases. Correct assessment and effective intervention of LD was the most important task for ELBW children. Our study suggests that behavioral assessment could contribute to the correct prediction of handicaps including LD and Mental Delay of ELBW children. Less