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Research on the Reform Policy in the Kansei Era and Its Effects on People in Western Japan ― Especially in the Domains of the Edo Shogunate in the Kinki District ―

关西时代的改革政策及其对西日本人民的影响研究——特别是近畿地区江户幕府的领地——

基本信息

批准号：
08610354
负责人：
TANIYAMA Masamichi
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
TENRI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Research on the Kansei reforms carried out by the Edo shogunate was behind that on the Kyoho reforms and the Tempo reforms, but it began to advance in the 1960s. The main research subject, however, was the agricultural administration for the shogunate domains in Eastern Japan in the reform period, and research on that in Western Japan lagged behind. Therefore, the purpose of this research, is to restudy the reform policy in the Kansei era, dealing mainly with the shogunate domains in the Kinki district, more advanced in Western Japan.Matsudaira Sadanobu, leader of the Kansei reforms, is well known as a statesman who tried to revise the hitherto imbalanced economic situation, "the rich West and the poor East", and to improve the economy of Eastern Japan. What is noted in this respect is the fact that the agricultural administration in the reform period was performed on the basis of the actual state in the shogunate domains both in Western and Eastern Japan. A typical example of this is the public loan policy, which was partly intended to utilize the economic abundance in Western Japan for the relief of the deprived in the shogunate domains in Eastern Japan. Also, in the Eastern domains, the recovery of the devastated farm villages was emphasized, while in the Western domains, especially in the advanced Kinki district, land tax increase was stressed against people's expectation. During the latter part of the reform period, Katsu Yohachiro pushed forward with the policy aiming to increase taxes. This policy was successful in a certain degree, but the voice of the people against increased taxes became louder and in the end, together with the help of other political issues, Matsudaira Sadanobu was forced to resign without satisfactory results.

对江户幕府的感性改革的研究落后于对巨峰改革和克里思改革的研究，但从20世纪60年代开始有所进展。但是，研究对象主要是改革时期东日本幕府领地的农业管理，对西日本幕府领地的农业管理研究相对滞后。因此，本研究的目的是重新研究感性时代的改革政策，主要涉及在日本西部较先进的近畿地区的幕府领域。感性改革的领导者松平贞信，是一位试图改变迄今为止的不平衡的经济状况，“富裕的西方和贫穷的东方”，并改善日本东部经济的政治家。在这方面值得注意的是，改革时期的农业管理是根据日本西部和东部幕府领地的实际情况进行的。一个典型的例子是公共贷款政策，其部分目的是利用西日本的经济富裕来救济东日本幕府领地的贫困人口。此外，在东部地区，重点是恢复被摧毁的农村，而在西部地区，特别是在先进的近畿地区，强调增加土地税，这与人们的期望背道而驰。在改革后期，胜洋八郎推行了旨在增加税收的政策。这一政策在一定程度上取得了成功，但民众反对增税的声音越来越大，最终，在其他政治问题的帮助下，松平贞信被迫辞职，没有取得令人满意的结果。