The indoctrination history of confucian funeral ceremony in the latter part of the Yi dynasty

在易代前期，主要的葬法分为两种。上层阶级举行双重葬礼，平民放弃了尸体。当局旨在通过他们的暴力灌输儒家礼仪，以推广埋葬。因此，在易代后期，民众开始采用土葬的方法，将亲属的遗体秘密埋葬在帝王陵墓或权贵的坟墓中。上层阶级采取了所谓的kae-jang或挖棺材，并重新埋在另一个地方的对策。这项研究证明了这些事实。人们之所以要带这些东西，是为了根据风水理论选择合适的安葬地点，并以此来祝愿家族兴旺发达。到了易代后期，上层社会开始为争夺墓地或坟山而发生争山之争。由这种纠纷产生的诉讼被称为三松。皇家及其母系亲属有时会占据山脚下的那些村庄，为他们建造坟墓。彝族当局通过立法的方式，以儒家思想的教化来控制这种局面。然而，这些法律漏洞百出，被人咬了牙。到了18世纪，山歌已广为流传，当时五分之四的山歌都是山歌。本文通过对这套服饰的详细分析，展现了易代后期儒家丧葬教化的历史。

In the early part of the Yi-dynasty, main burial methods were devided into two ways. The upper classes did dual funeral and the populus took abandonment of corpus. The authority aimed to spread burial by means of their violent indoctrination of confucian etiquettes. As a result, in the latter part of the Yi-dynasty, the populus became to take the method of tu-jang or a secret burial of their relative's remains into the Imperial mausoleums or tombs of men of power. The upper classes took countermeasures called kae-jang or digging up the coffin and reburying it in another place. This study proved those facts. The reason why people took those things was to choose proper place for burial according to Pung-su theory and then wished their family prosperous by that.In the late Yi-dynasty, the upper classes began to make disputes over mountains for the purpose of securing graveyard or grave-mountains. The suits derived from such disputes were called san-song. The Royal Family and its maternal relatives sometimes occupied the villages at the foot of mountains and made their graves. The Yi authority made efforts to control those situations with confucian indoctrinations by legislation of laws. However, those laws had full of loopholes and were taken the teeth. In the eighteenth century, san-songs were widespread, and by then four fifth of the suits were for the share of mountains. This study shows, through detailed analysis of the suits, the indoctrination history of confucian funeral in the latter part of Yi dynasty.