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Economic backgrounds, causes and consequences of the multiethnic war in former Yugoslavia

前南斯拉夫多民族战争的经济背景、原因和后果

基本信息

批准号：
08630036
负责人：
IWATA Masayuki
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There were Two important backgrounds and factors without which the multiethnic wars in Bosnia and Herzegovina wouldn't have happened, at least, in the same way as we saw them until two years ago.The first one is class-formation struggle in the process of privatization of socially owned properties which have developped since the fall of Yugoslav socialist system. The second one is the agrarian reform which had been carried out in the interwar period before the establishment of Yugoslav socialism.In my opinion the first factor was more effective in the urban area and the second one in the rural area.The agrarian reform made the Bosnian Moslem landowners (and landlords) of 80% of the agrarian land fall into the social status of landless men or beggars and at the same time it enabled the Bosnian Serbs (and Croats) to rise up to landowner peasants from landless agrarian laborers. The collectivization of private farms wasn't carried out in Yugoslav socialism. Therefore the basic structure of land ownership formed by the agrarian reform has been maintained through the socialist period.It was not until the collapse of Yugoslav socialism that the Bosnian Moslem elite could challenge against the prewar land reform and its consequences openly with anger. It is very easily inferred that the Bosnian Serbs and Croats, independent small peasants must have been shocked strongly by the challenge from the Bosnian Moslem.

如果没有两个重要的背景和因素，波黑的多民族战争至少不会像我们两年前所看到的那样发生。第一个是自南斯拉夫社会主义制度倒台以来发展起来的社会财产私有化过程中的阶级斗争。第二个是在南斯拉夫社会主义建立之前的两次世界大战期间进行的土地改革。在我看来，第一个因素在城市地区更有效，第二个因素在农村地区更有效。土地改革使波斯尼亚穆斯林80%的土地所有者(和地主)陷入无地人或乞丐的社会地位，同时使波斯尼亚塞族人(和克罗地亚人)从没有土地的农业劳动者上升为拥有土地的农民。南斯拉夫社会主义没有实行私人农场的集团化。因此，土地改革形成的土地所有制基本结构在整个社会主义时期得以维持，直到南斯拉夫社会主义崩溃，波斯尼亚穆斯林精英才能公开愤怒地挑战战前土地改革及其后果。很容易推断，波斯尼亚塞族和克罗地亚独立的小农一定对来自波斯尼亚穆斯林的挑战感到强烈震惊。