Complexity of the regulatory system for motile activities of teleostean chromatophores and its physiological significance

内皮素能有效地聚集几种硬骨鱼的黑素细胞内的黑素体。用高度特异性的激动剂和拮抗剂，我们得出结论：内皮素受体类似于哺乳动物ET_B型受体。在黄色素细胞和红色素细胞的内皮素受体上也得到了类似的结果。利用高质量的运算放大器，我们发展了一种改进的光电记录单个白细胞运动反应的方法。该方法也可用于沙塘鳢型树突状虹膜细胞运动反应的研究。采用这种方法，我们研究了内皮素对青鳉白细胞体的影响，发现肽强烈分散光散射细胞器，白细胞体。由于在白细胞中的细胞器运动方向与在光吸收色素细胞中观察到的方向相反，我们应该研究前一种细胞中的第二信使系统。在白尾虾虎鱼（Leucopsarion petersii）的皮肤和身体内存在数量有限的黑色素细胞和黄色素细胞。存在于人体深处的色素细胞在颜色变化中起着积极的作用，这是首次报道。从普通外科鱼，Pracanthurus hepatus的天蓝色部分的光谱反射率的测量结果表明，一个相对陡峭的峰值站在490 nm左右。我们的结论是多层薄膜干涉现象的非理想类型发生在堆叠的非常薄的光反射血小板在虹膜是主要负责。

Endothelins effectively aggregated melanosomes within melanophores of several species of teleosts. Using highly specific agonists and antagonists, we concluded that the receptors for endothelins resemble those of the mammalian ET_B type. Similar results were obtained on the endothelin receptors of xanthophores and erythrophores.By making use of high quality operational amplifiers, an inproved photoelectric method for recording motile responses of individual leucophores was developed. This method could also be applied to the study of the motile responses of dendritic iridophores of the Odontobutis type. Employing this method, we studied the effects of endothelins on the leucophores of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, and found that the peptides strongly disperse light-scattering organelles, the leucosomes. Since the direction of the organeliar movements in leucophores was reverse to that observed in the light-absorbing chromatophores, we should examine the second messenger system in the former cells. Limited numbers of melanophores and xanthophores exist in the skin and also inside the body of the ice goby, Leucopsarion petersii. The fact that the chromatophores existing deep inside the body take active part in the color changes was first reported. Measurements of spectral reflectance from the sky blue portion of the common surgeonfish, Pracanthurus hepatus, showed that a relatively steep peak stood around 490 nm. We concluded that the multilayred thin-film interference phenomenon of the non-ideal type occurring in the stacks of very thin light-reflecting platelets in iridophores is primarily responsible.