Complexity of the regulatory system for motile activities of teleostean chromatophores and its physiological significance

内皮素有效地聚集了几种硬骨鱼黑色素细胞内的黑素体。使用高度特异性的激动剂和拮抗剂，我们得出内皮素受体类似于哺乳动物ET_B型受体的结论。黄细胞和红细胞的内皮素受体也得到了类似的结果。利用高质量运算放大器，提出了一种改进的记录单个白光团运动响应的光电方法。该方法也可应用于齿蟾类树突状虹膜细胞运动反应的研究。利用这种方法，我们研究了内皮素对水稻白质细胞的影响，发现内皮素对光散射细胞器白质细胞有很强的分散作用。由于白色细胞的细胞器运动方向与在吸收光的色素细胞中观察到的方向相反，我们应该检查前者细胞中的第二信使系统。在冰虾虎鱼（Leucopsarion petersii）的皮肤和体内，存在着数量有限的黑色素细胞和黄素细胞。存在于身体深处的色素团积极参与颜色变化的事实首次被报道。对常见刺鳍鱼——肝棘鱼天蓝色部分的光谱反射率测量显示，在490纳米左右有一个相对陡峭的峰值。我们得出结论，非理想型的多层薄膜干涉现象发生在极薄的光反射血小板在虹膜团的堆叠是主要原因。

Endothelins effectively aggregated melanosomes within melanophores of several species of teleosts. Using highly specific agonists and antagonists, we concluded that the receptors for endothelins resemble those of the mammalian ET_B type. Similar results were obtained on the endothelin receptors of xanthophores and erythrophores.By making use of high quality operational amplifiers, an inproved photoelectric method for recording motile responses of individual leucophores was developed. This method could also be applied to the study of the motile responses of dendritic iridophores of the Odontobutis type. Employing this method, we studied the effects of endothelins on the leucophores of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, and found that the peptides strongly disperse light-scattering organelles, the leucosomes. Since the direction of the organeliar movements in leucophores was reverse to that observed in the light-absorbing chromatophores, we should examine the second messenger system in the former cells. Limited numbers of melanophores and xanthophores exist in the skin and also inside the body of the ice goby, Leucopsarion petersii. The fact that the chromatophores existing deep inside the body take active part in the color changes was first reported. Measurements of spectral reflectance from the sky blue portion of the common surgeonfish, Pracanthurus hepatus, showed that a relatively steep peak stood around 490 nm. We concluded that the multilayred thin-film interference phenomenon of the non-ideal type occurring in the stacks of very thin light-reflecting platelets in iridophores is primarily responsible.