STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN DAIRY CATTLE

这项研究的目的是检查奶牛的内源性节律，即在没有外部刺激的情况下出现的自由奔跑节律。本研究是在两种不同的环境条件下进行的。一间是环控室，一间是普通牛棚。环境控制室试验分两个阶段进行。第一阶段：将一头干燥的荷斯坦奶牛拴在与外界刺激隔绝的环境控制室中一个月。房间持续照度为60Lux。2周期：12小时为一个周期的光暗期，共测试9天。普通牛舍试验分三个阶段进行。第3阶段：一头有瘤胃瘘的荷斯坦小母牛被关在牛舍内的围栏里24天。这只动物被允许自由使用在整个实验期间使用的自动喂食器。第4阶段：前一次PE…的相同动物在一天的19：00至01：00期间，允许更多的Riod进入喂食器。第5阶段：允许进食时间以每天00：00~06：00为宜。主要研究结果如下：1.L。在无外界刺激条件下，奶牛没有观察到明显的日循环行为模式。明暗周期变化对奶牛的行为有明显的影响。白天站立和进食的持续时间在光照期间显著增加，而在黑暗时期则显著延长。在自然刺激条件下，奶牛对光、暗周期的反应更加明显。动物在光照期间(白天)表现得更活跃，在黑暗时期(夜间)休息得更多。我们开发的用于寻找行为周期变化的MEM频谱分析显示，奶牛站立和躺着的姿势和体温大约三个小时的周期变化，根据这些结果，奶牛具有大约三个小时的生物和行为节律。然而，奶牛的节律并不那么严格，奶牛的行为很容易受到外界刺激的改变。较少

The purpose of this study was to examine an endogenous rhythm in cows, as known as free-running rhythm which appeared under no-external stimuli. This study was conducted under two different environmental conditions. One of which was the environmental control room and the other was the normal cow shed. The environmental control room test was consisted of tow periods. The 1^<st> period : A dry Holstein cow was tethered in the environmental control room that was insulated from the outside external stimuli so called zejtgeberfor one month. The room was continuously lighted as 60 LuX.The 2^<nd> period : Twelve hours cycle of light and dark period was tested for nine days. The normal cow shed test was consisted of three period. The 3^<rd> period : A Holstein heifer with rumen fistula was kept in a pen inside a barn for 24 days. The animal was allowed free access to the automatic feeder that was used during the whole experimental periods. The 4^<th> period : The same animal of the previous pe … More riod was allowed to access to the feeder from 19 : 00 to 01 : 00 in a day. The 5^<th> period : The allowing time of eating was sifted between 00 : 00 and 06 : 00 in a day. The results were summarized as follows :l. The distinct cyclic behavior pattern in a day was not observed on the cow under the condition of no-external stimuli.2. The light and dark cyclic change was influenced apparently to the behavior of the cow. The duration of standing and eating in a day were increased during the light period, whereas the duration of lying was increased significantly during the dark period.3. The response of cows to the light and dark cycle appeared more clear under the natural stimulus condition. The animal acted more vigorously during the light period (day time) and she took a more rest during the dark period (night time).4. The MEM spectrum analysis that we developed for finding a behavioral cyclic change showed the almost three hours cyclic change of standing and lying position and body temperature on a cow.According to these results, cows has the biological and behavioral rhythm of about three hours cycle. However, the rhythm is not so strict, the behavior of cow was easily modified by the external stimuli. Less