STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN DAIRY CATTLE

本研究的目的是检查奶牛的内源性节律，即在无外部刺激下出现的自由运行节律。这项研究是在两种不同的环境条件下进行的。其中一间是环境控制室，一间是普通牛棚。环境控制室测试由两个阶段组成。第一阶段：将一头干荷斯坦奶牛拴在环境控制室中，与外界刺激隔离一个月。房间连续照明为60 LuX。 第二周期：测试12小时的光和暗周期循环9天。正常牛棚试验由三个阶段组成。第三阶段：将一头患有瘤胃瘘的荷斯坦小母牛关在谷仓内的围栏中24天。允许动物自由使用在整个实验期间使用的自动喂食器。第4期：每天19:00至01:00允许上一期的同一动物进入喂食器。第5期：允许进食时间筛选在一天中的00:00至06:00之间。结果总结如下：l．在无外界刺激的情况下，奶牛一天内没有观察到明显的循环行为模式。2．明暗周期的变化对奶牛的行为有明显的影响。白天站立和进食的时间在光照期间显着增加，而在黑暗期间躺卧的时间显着增加。3．在自然刺激条件下，奶牛对光暗周期的反应显得更加清晰。动物在光照期间（白天）表现得更加活跃，在黑暗时期（夜间）休息得更多。4．我们为寻找行为周期性变化而开发的 MEM 频谱分析显示，奶牛的站立和躺卧位置以及体温有近三个小时的周期性变化。根据这些结果，奶牛具有大约三个小时周期的生物和行为节律。然而，节奏并不那么严格，奶牛的行为很容易受到外界刺激的影响。较少的

The purpose of this study was to examine an endogenous rhythm in cows, as known as free-running rhythm which appeared under no-external stimuli. This study was conducted under two different environmental conditions. One of which was the environmental control room and the other was the normal cow shed. The environmental control room test was consisted of tow periods. The 1^<st> period : A dry Holstein cow was tethered in the environmental control room that was insulated from the outside external stimuli so called zejtgeberfor one month. The room was continuously lighted as 60 LuX.The 2^<nd> period : Twelve hours cycle of light and dark period was tested for nine days. The normal cow shed test was consisted of three period. The 3^<rd> period : A Holstein heifer with rumen fistula was kept in a pen inside a barn for 24 days. The animal was allowed free access to the automatic feeder that was used during the whole experimental periods. The 4^<th> period : The same animal of the previous pe … More riod was allowed to access to the feeder from 19 : 00 to 01 : 00 in a day. The 5^<th> period : The allowing time of eating was sifted between 00 : 00 and 06 : 00 in a day. The results were summarized as follows :l. The distinct cyclic behavior pattern in a day was not observed on the cow under the condition of no-external stimuli.2. The light and dark cyclic change was influenced apparently to the behavior of the cow. The duration of standing and eating in a day were increased during the light period, whereas the duration of lying was increased significantly during the dark period.3. The response of cows to the light and dark cycle appeared more clear under the natural stimulus condition. The animal acted more vigorously during the light period (day time) and she took a more rest during the dark period (night time).4. The MEM spectrum analysis that we developed for finding a behavioral cyclic change showed the almost three hours cyclic change of standing and lying position and body temperature on a cow.According to these results, cows has the biological and behavioral rhythm of about three hours cycle. However, the rhythm is not so strict, the behavior of cow was easily modified by the external stimuli. Less