Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that generate a remarkable open coil “banana” shell phenotype in Lymnaea stagnalis

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Molluscan shell morphologies have been admired and studied by mathematicians, physicists and biologists for centuries. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate a coiled shell remain unknown. In this project we will identify the genetic components associated with shell coiling in a mollusc model, Lymnaea stagnalis. The recent discovery of a spectacular and robust open coil “banana” phenotype generated in response to the endocrine disruptor ‘dutasteride’ presents an ideal opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms that control molluscan shell coiling. Using a transcriptomics approach coupled with in situ visualization of gene expression patterns, we will be able to identify and characterize the major genetic components of the shell-coiling program in L. stagnalis. In addition, this project will provide insight into the incongruous mechanism of action of dutasteride in molluscs; molluscs do not possess the nuclear receptors required to bind dihydrotestosterone (dutasteride targets 5α-reductase, the enzyme that produces dihydrotestosterone), therefore how and why such a robust response to dutasteride is observed in molluscs remains obscure. Although L. stagnalis is a formally recognised OECD bio-sentinel species, its full potential to detect endocrine-active chemicals in the environment is hampered by a lack of knowledge regarding their modes of action in molluscs. Therefore, this project will also significantly contribute to the environmental monitoring of European and holarctic waterways.