Development of automated pupil perimeter

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Pupil perimetry was performed using the modified Octopus 1-2-3 and a 486/33 MHz IBM personal computer. Pupil perimetry was performed with the following two methods : suprathreshold perimetry in which the amplitude or the ratio of pupil constriction is to be determined and threshold perimetry in which the threshold of pupil reaction is to be determined. In suprathreshold perimetry, the amplitude of pupil constriction rate were determined using the stimulus sizes of 3 and 5, the stimulus intensities of 0(4000 asb), 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dB, and the background luminance of 0 and 3 asb. In threshold perimetry, the lowest stimulus intensity that caused pupil reaction was determined. In 10 normal subjects, the interand intra-individual variations of the amplitude of pupil constriction were considerably large. In order to assure the dynamic range large enough for pupil perimetry in the central 30* visual field, the stimulus intensity needs to be higher than 8 dB when the background luminance was 3 asb and the stimulus size was 5. The ratio of pupil constriction in suprathreshold perimetry and the pupillary sensitivity in threshold perimetry were well correlated. The examination time of suprathreshold perimetry was much shorter than that of threshold perirnetry. The suprathreshold pupil perimetry was also tested in glaucoma and hemianopsia patients. Abnormal points detected by pupil perimetry corresponded well to those of the standard Octopus perimetry in glaucoma and hemianopsia patients. However, it was impossible to detect small scotomata under the above-mentioned condition. The automated pupil perimetry with the Octopus 1-2-3 is more practical for objective perimetry than manual pupil threshold perimetry reported by previous investigators.