Micro vascular architecture and bone formation after Guided Bone Regeneration

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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a periodontal treatment to restore the loss of alveolar bone. In the present study, nonresorbable and resorbable membranes were applied to the extraction socket / artificial bone cavity and vascular resin cast model was examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).In the observation of nonresorbable membrane, bone aposition was observed upward and sideways beyond the alveolar crest after 14 days postoperation. Regenerated blood vessels were distributed in the newly formed porous bone.30 days following surgery, In the center portion of the extraction socket, newly-formed vascular network and regenerated bone were observed. A flat vascular network from the periosteum was observed on the GBR membrane. 60 days following surgery, Regenerated bone and a vascular network of the bone marrow were observed.In the observation of resorvable membrane, 90 days after the operation, the membrane, which showed evidence of being resorbed, was found between the superficial vascular network of the oral mucosa and the regenerated alveolar bone. Blood vessels from the periosteum increased in caliber as they passed through the resorbed part of the membrane.These results indicate that regardless of what type of membrane is used, it only acts as a barrier preventing the oral mucosa from migrating apically to the socket, thereby creating an environment that promotes the proliferation of cells in the socket.From the viewpoint of the microcirculation, the level reached by blood vessels arising from the periosteum might play an important role in determining the final height of regenerated alveolar bone.