Changes of the distribution of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. in Japan Archipelago since the Last Glacial

本研究首先旨在厘清红松的分布。调查。在日本。红松主要分布于本州中部。垂直方向上，红杉集中在亚高山地带。它只在山区很少出现。红木在日本很少形成自己的优势林。红松在岩质坡上的相对丰度增加。在东北亚大陆部分的山地地带，红杉分布广泛。在那里，它与落叶阔叶树混合在一起，形成了自己的优势林。其次，本文研究了末次冰期以来日本红松的分布变化。末次冰期红松分布广泛，与云杉、冷杉混居，与落叶阔叶树混居。这种森林类型似乎与东北亚大陆部分的红松优势林非常相似。从末次冰期以来的植被历史来看，日本中部西西山西南坡的落叶松-栎松混合次生林具有重要意义。这种类型的森林是末次冰期气候寒冷干燥时日本中部广泛存在的森林的遗留物。随着冰川后气候变暖，西山西南坡作为避难所，森林被迫离开，即使现在日本中部气候寒冷干燥。

This research aims firstly to clarify the distribution of Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.in Japan. Pinus koraiensis restricted mostly to central Honshu. Vertically, P.koraiensis concentrates in the subalpine zone. It only scarcely appears in the montane zone. P.koraiensis seldom makes its own dominant forest in Japan. Pinus koraiensis increased its relative abundance on the rocky slope. In the montane zone of the continental part of northeastern Asia, P.koraiensis is distributed widely. There it makes its own dominant forest mixed with deciduous-broadleaved trees.Next this research considers the canges in the distribution of Pinus koraiensis in japan since the Last Glacial. In the Last Glacial Pinus koraiensis was distributed widely mixed with the trees of Picea and Abies as well as with deciduous-broadleaved trees. This forest type seems to be quite similar to that of the Pinus koraiensis dominant forest in the continental part of northeastern Asia. From the view point of the vegetation history since the Last Glacial the Larix-Quercus-Pinus mixed secondary forest on the southwest slope of Mt. Nishi, central Japan was significant. This type of forest was a relict from the forests occurring widely in central Japan at the Last Glacial when the climate was cold and dry. The forest was forced to be left during the Post Glacial with climatic warming moistening on the southwest slope of Mt. Nishi as a refuge, where even at present cold and dry climate prevails in central Japan.