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Habitat and distribution changes of Picea and Larix in central Honshu since the Last Glacial

末次冰期以来本州中部云杉和落叶松的栖息地和分布变化

基本信息

批准号：
10680097
负责人：
OKITSU Susumu
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680097/
关键词：
Picea Larix Last Glacial vegetation history central Honshu subalpine coniferous forest habitat northeastern Asia トウヒ属樹木カラマツ植生地理学植生史大陸性気候

项目摘要

We clarified vertical distribution, temperature, snowdepth, and geography of the habitat of Picea and Larix in central Honshu and Northeastern Asia based on literatures and fieldworks in the areas where those taxa were distributed much. Especially, we studied microtopography and ground conditions of the habitat where those taxa grew and regenerated. We obtained the following results as for the process of distribution changes of Picea and Larix trees since the Last Glacial : 1) The vertical distributions of Picea and Larix trees in mountain areas in central Honshu are generally intervened between subalpine coniferous forest mainly composed by Abies and Tsuga trees and montane deciduous broadleaved forest mainly composed by Fagus crenata and Quercus crispula. 2) Distributions of Picea and Larix trees concentrate in mountains of less snowfall and in temperature ranges between montane and subalpine zone. 3) The site of their growth and regeneration concentrates on rocky place, scraggy ridges, and landslide areas along valley where growth of the other tree species are difficult. 4) Under the cooler and drier condition without disterbance in the Last Glacial stage, Picea and Larix trees dominated over central Honshu. Through warming and heavier snowfall with frequent disterbance in the Late Glacial stages, distribution of Abies and Tsuga trees with deciduous broad-leaved trees expanded and Picea and Larix trees have decreased their distribution into their recent habitat. 5) Picea trees were widely distributed and variation of their cone morphology were continuous in central Japan in the Last Glacial. Since the Late Glacial stage to recent, they were divided into small populations in the middle of mountain where some species and subspecies were formed.

根据文献资料和实地考察，对云杉和落叶松在本州中部和东北亚的垂直分布、温度、积雪深度和生境地理进行了研究。特别是，我们研究了微地形和地面条件的栖息地，这些类群的生长和更新。对末次冰期以来云杉、落叶松分布变化过程的研究结果表明：1）本州中部山区云杉、落叶松垂直分布一般介于以冷杉、铁杉为主的亚高山针叶林和以毛豆、皱叶栎为主的山地落叶阔叶林之间; 2)云杉和落叶松分布集中在降雪量较少的山地和介于山地和亚高山之间的温度范围内。3)它们的生长和更新地点集中在其他树种生长困难的岩石地、崎岖的山脊和沿着山谷的滑坡区。4)在末次冰期无干扰的较冷干燥条件下，云杉和落叶松在本州中部占主导地位。通过变暖和更大的降雪与频繁的干扰，在晚冰期阶段，分布的冷杉和铁杉树与落叶阔叶树扩大和云杉和落叶松树减少了他们的分布到他们最近的栖息地。5)末次冰期日本中部地区云杉树分布广泛，其球花形态变化持续。晚冰期至近代，它们在半山腰形成小种群，并形成了一些种和亚种。