British Honor System

当权者往往利用荣誉制度为自己谋取利益。在某些情况下，授予荣誉是为了换取政治捐款，在其他情况下，授予荣誉是为了奖励支持他们。荣誉制度的这些特征在撒切尔政府中表现得尤为突出。本文对约翰·步行者的《女王已被取悦--英国荣誉制度在起作用》（Secker &瓦尔堡，1986）进行了考察。大家都知道：（1）英国的荣誉制度的建立和发展往往是为了国王获得金钱，（2）劳埃德乔治为了自己的政治资金而给予的荣誉比任何一位首相都多，（3）首相给支持政府的报纸老板许多荣誉，（4）工党和工会成员出人意料地得到了英国政府的大量荣誉。研究了Ivan De la Bere爵士（1961年，William Kimber）的《女王骑士勋章》。结果，一些关于“骑士”的观点在日本并不为人所知。为了了解大众媒体对荣誉的报道，《泰晤士报》和BBC新闻进行了检查。他们关于1998年新年荣誉名单的报道包含了获奖者的姓名和个人经历，让我们知道，他们中的许多人，从著名到无名，都共同表示，他们从未想到自己会获得荣誉。

Politicians in power tend to make use of honor system for their own benefit. In some cases honours are given in exchange for political donation, and in other cases are awarded as a reward for supporting them. These characteristics of honor system are seen conspicuously in Margaret Thatcher's government."The Queen Has Been Pleased-The British Honours System at Work "by John Walker (1986, Secker ＆ Warburg) was examined. And it became known that : (1) British honor system has often been established and developped in order for kings to gain money, (2) Lloyd George gave more honours than any other prime ministers for his own political funds, (3) prime ministers give many honours to newspaper owners who support their governments, (4) members of Labor Party and trade unions are, unexpectedly, given a lot of honours by the Laborgovernment."The Queen's Orders of Chivalry" by Sir Ivan De la Bere (1961, William Kimber) was studied. As a result some points were made clear about 'knight' which has not been well known in Japan.And in order to know how mass media report on honours, Times and BBC News were checked. Their reports on new year's honor list of 1998 contain names and personal histories of honoured people, and make us know that many of them, from famous to nameless, say in common that they have never expected they would be honoured.