Continuing monitaring and manegement of natural environment on wildlife pathobiology and ecology.

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1. To clarify the infectivity of parapox virus re-emerging in Japanese serow in mountains was inoculated to sheep. As a result, parapox virus was proved to spread from serow to sheep easily. This study warns the role of serow as a reservoir in parapox virus infection.2. GHV-1 is a new type emerging equine herpesvirus isolated from a mass outbreak of encephalitis in gazelles. In this study, GHV-1 was designated as EHV-9 based on virological and pathological studies. EHV-9 induced experimentally encephalitis in wide variety of animals including horses, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, hamsters, mice and guinea pigs. This virus was fatal to all animals infected except horses, cattle and pigs. EHV-9 was shown to be strongly neurotropic virus, which had an intense infectivity to a wide range of animals.3. The resudue levels of several organochlorine compounds, including PCBs, DDTs, HCH, were determined in samples of various wildlife living in Chubu district, central part of Japan. As a result, high residue levels of organochlorine compounds were detected in birds, especially raptors, which were higher than those in other mammals. Besides, influences of compounds on physical condition in animals were investigated experimentally.4. In this study, useful information for conservation of endangered wildlife was obtained. Ecological and physiological condition of reproduction in Japanese bears and Northern seals was investigated. In addition, establishment of techniques for artificial reproduction in endangered wildlife was done. Furthermore, some useful information on the endocrine disruptor accumulation and reproductive disorder in mammals and raptors was obtained. These results indicate that continuing monitoring of natural environment is needed to protect the earth. On the other hand, research on wild birds pathology, zoo animal pathology including non-human primates and mechanism of hibernation etc. were done.