Evaluation of the Environmental Impact due to the Geotechnical Utilization of Waste Materials

研究废弃物再利用对地质环境的影响评价，促进废弃物的岩土工程利用，减少对地面的污染。本研究的主要成果可概括为：(1)系统地开发和总结了许多在岩土工程中利用废弃物和控制危险化学品污染的技术，主要是在设计方法方面。(2)通过几种浸出试验方法评价了废弃物岩土工程利用对环境的影响。主要关注的是测试方案，包括废物的粒度和暴露于水的条件，以模拟原位浸出行为。通过室内试验评价了pH值和氧化还原对土壤重金属浸出量和衰减能力的影响。(3)提出了基于实验室浸出试验的废弃物回用和处置地质环境影响评价的简化方法。采用所建议的方法，评估了各种减少环境影响的措施（例如，过滤层、废物稳定或粘土衬里）的有效性。(4)提出了填埋场衬垫（土工膜、粘土衬垫、复合衬垫）性能的评价方法，重点讨论了双层衬垫系统的有效性。在参数化研究的基础上，提出了适合内陆和近海垃圾填埋场的衬砌结构。

Evaluation of the geo-environmental impact due to the reuse of waste materials was studied to promote the geotechnical utilization of them and minimize the ground contamination. The main results obtained by this study can be summarized as follows : (1) A lot of techniques to utilize the waste materials in geotechnical applications and control the ground contamination with hazardous chemicals were developed and summarized systematically, mainly in aspect of the design method. (2) Environmental impact due to the geotechnical utilization of waste materials was evaluated through several leaching test methods. The main concern is given to the testing protocols, including the particle size of waste and the conditions exposing to water, to simulate the in-situ leaching behavior. The pH and redox effects on the leaching amount of heavy metals and the attenuation capacity of soil were also assessed by laboratory tests. (3) Simplified methods for evaluating the geo-environmental impact due to the reuse and disposal of waste materials were proposed based on laboratory leaching tests. The effectiveness of various measures to reduce the environmental impact (e.g., filtration layers, the stabilization of wastes, or clay liners) was evaluated using the proposed methods. (4) The methods for evaluating the performance of landfill liners (geomembrane, clay liner, composite liner) were also proposed with the focus on the effectiveness of the double liner system. An appropriate liner structure of the inland and offshore landfill sites was proposed based on the parametric studies using the proposed methods.