Development of a Meteorological Lidar for the Analysis of Atmospheric Dynamical Behavior

这项研究的目的是开发一种实用的气象激光雷达或激光雷达系统，用于遥测对流层风、温度和湿度的主要气象参数。该系统可用于分析大气环境问题的基本动力学特性。研制了一种体积小、重量轻的激光雷达，并将其作为大气遥感系统进行了实际应用。(1)人眼安全多功能激光雷达风温湿度传感系统的研制。紫外单频激光波长为355 nm，平均功率为0.6W，采用直径20 cm的望远镜和光子计数探测器。在测风方面，直接探测多普勒激光雷达方案中采用了高分辨率的法布里-珀罗标准具滤波器。温度传感是基于使用双通道光栅滤光片的旋转拉曼散射方案，而湿度是基于使用单个光栅滤光片的振动拉曼散射方案。可以同时测量这些主要气象参数的空间分布。测风精度在3公里范围内达到1.5m/S，温度精度在1.5公里范围内达到1K，湿度在2公里范围内达到10%。(2)激光二极管泵浦单频调Q激光多普勒激光雷达的研制。研制了一台LD泵浦的紧凑型调Q固体激光器。单频振荡采用注入种子和行波腔技术。采用稳频技术，在10 kHz脉冲重复频率下，平均功率为3W时，脉冲频率稳定度为0.23 MHz。利用直径为20 cm的扫描望远镜测量了波长为532 nm的二次谐波光束。风速测量可在3公里范围内进行，精度为0.6m/S。

The purpose of this research is to develop a practical meteorological lidar or laser radar system for remotely measuring major meteorological parameters of wind, temperature and humidity in the troposphere. The system is useful for analyzing fundamental dynamical properties of the atmospheric environmental issues. A compact and light-weight lidar has been developed and tested for practical application as the remote atmospheric sensing system.(1) Development of eye-safe multi-function lidar system for wind, temperature and humidity sensing. The UV single frequency laser at 355 nm with 0.6 W average power was used with a 20-cm diameter telescope and a photon counting detectors. For the wind measurement, a high-resolution filter of the Fabry-Perot etalon was employed in the direct detection Doppler lidar scheme. The temperature sensing is based on the rotational Raman scattering scheme using two-channel grating filters and the humidity is on the vibrational Raman scattering scheme using a single grating filter. The spatial profiles of these major meteorological parameters could be measured simultaneously. The accuracy of the wind measurements was finally tested to be 1.5 m/s at 3 km range, temperature accuracy was 1K at 1.5 km range and humidity was 10% at 2 km range.(2) Development of a compact Doppler lidar with a LD-pumped single-frequency, Q-switched Nd : YAG laser. A LD-pumped compact Q-switched solid-state Nd : YAG laser has been developed. The injection seeding and the traveling wave cavity technique was employed for the single frequency oscillation. Frequency stabilization technique was applied and the pulse frequency stability was 0.23 MHz for 3W average power at 10-kHz pulse repetition frequency. The second harmonic beam at 532 nm was used for the wind measurement using a scanning 20 cm diameter telescope. The wind measurement was possible at the range of 3 km with theaccuracy of 0.6 m/s.