Validating the Estimates of Grobal Water Balance by Global River Runoff Dataset

通过全球河流径流数据集验证全球水平衡的估计

• 批准号: 10490013
• 负责人: OKI Taikan
• 金额: $ 9.6万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10490013/
• 关键词: Global Soil Wetness; Global Water Balance; Digital Earth; River Discharge; Visualization of Global Environment; Global River Channel Network; Laud Surface Model; 土壌水分; 河川流量; 蒸発散; 衛星リモートセンシング; 陸面数値モデル; グローバルな水循環; Global Soil Wetness Project

As one effort to estimate the global soil moisture distribution, the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP) was conceived. A gridded 1 degree by 1 degree global river channel network, named Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) is used to calculate mean runoff estimated by the LSMs for drainage areas upstream of 250 operational gauging stations. Runoff observations from these stations in 150 major river basins of the world have been collected for years in 1987 and 1988, and were compared with the LSM products. It was found that LSMs estimated annual runoff fairly well with a relative root mean, square error of 40 [%] for drainage areas with a fairly high density of raingauge observations (30/lmil. sq. km) which was used to prepare the forcing precipitation. The error corresponds to approximately 18 [%] of annual evapotranspiration. LSMs are also found to have a tendency to underestimate the annual runoff. It may be caused by underestimation of raingauges under strong wind conditions, especially for snow, as all of the LSMs underestimated the runoff for most of the drainage areas located in higher latitudes. A linear river routing model was applied for the global runoff products from the LSMs and analyzed at 250 gauging stations. The correlations between observed and simulated monthly runoff were improved for most of the LSMs by introducing the routing. River runoff information was found to be effective for the validation of water cycles on the continental scale.A database for the GSWP products was developed with graphical user interface, and opened for the public accesses through the Internet. These global datasets consisting water and energy balances drew magnificient attention from public and the number of the access to the dedicated web page is increasing since its opening. Currently the access to the database is more than 5,OOO request per month.

作为估算全球土壤湿度分布的一项努力，全球土壤湿度计划（GSWP）应运而生。一个网格化的1度乘1度的全球河道网络，称为总径流整合路径（TRIP），用于计算由LSMs估算的250个运行测量站上游流域的平均径流。这些站点在1987年和1988年收集了世界150个主要河流流域的径流观测资料，并与LSM产品进行了比较。研究发现，对于雨量观测密度相当高（30/ mml）的流域，LSMs对年径流量的估计相当好，相对均方根误差为40[%]。平方。Km)，用于准备强迫降水。误差大约相当于年蒸散量的18%。LSMs也有低估年径流量的倾向。这可能是由于在强风条件下，特别是在降雪条件下低估了雨量，因为所有的lsm都低估了位于高纬度地区的大部分流域的径流量。采用线性河流路径模型对LSMs的全球径流产品进行了分析，并在250个测量站进行了分析。引入路径后，大部分LSMs的月径流观测值与模拟值之间的相关性得到了改善。发现河流径流信息对于验证大陆尺度上的水循环是有效的。建立了一个图形用户界面的GSWP产品数据库，并通过互联网向公众开放。这些包含水和能量平衡的全球数据集引起了公众的极大关注，自开放以来，访问专用网页的人数不断增加。目前，每月访问数据库的请求超过5 000次。

项目成果

R. Zhang, A. Sumi and M. Kimoto: "A diagnostic study of the impact of E1 Nino on the Precepitation in China"Adv. In Atmos. Sci. 16. 229-241 (1999)

R. 张、A. Sumi 和 M. Kimoto：“E1 尼诺对中国降水影响的诊断研究”Adv.

T.Oki: "Global Energy and Water Cycles" Eds.K.Browning and R.Gurney,Cambridge University Press, 10-27 (1999)

T.Oki：“全球能源和水循环”Eds.K.Browning 和 R.Gurney，剑桥大学出版社，10-27 (1999)

小池 俊雄、吉本 淳一 他: "グローバルな積雪量分布推定のための衛星アルゴリズムの開発と検証" 水工学論文集. 43. (1999)

Toshio Koike、Junichi Yoshimoto 等人：“全球降雪分布估计的卫星算法的开发和验证”水利工程杂志 43。（1999 年）

Eiji Ikoma, Taikan Oki, Masaru Kitsuregawa: "Development of an Earth Environmental Database Syste which Interacts with Application Software"Proc. Of 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in. 252-255 (1999)

Eiji Ikoma、Taikan Oki、Masaru Kitsurekawa：“与应用软件交互的地球环境数据库系统的开发”Proc。

T. Oki: "The global water cycle, Chapter 1.2. Global Energy and Water Cycles, Eds. K. Browning and R. Gurney"Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0521 56057 8). 10-27 (1999)

T. Oki：“全球水循环，第 1.2 章。全球能源和水循环，K. Browning 和 R. Gurney 编辑”剑桥大学出版社。