Studies on the Metallurgy and Culture produced in the Iron-Smelting Furnaces in Ancient Tohoku District

本研究采用冶金学方法，通过早期历史时期（Asuca-Nara-Heian时代）的铁生产来了解日本东北地区的铁文化。“青森森”、“秋田出泉泽-中代”、“宫城柏木”和“福岛Bui”这四个典型的铁生产遗址遗址遭到了反对。这些遗存不仅位于河流和海滩上丰富的铁砂，而且位于“ou”和“Abukuma”山附近的树林里的木炭，就像中世纪的松江（出云）地区一样，方便获取。采用光学、激光和扫描电子显微镜对炼铁炉渣的显微组织和化学成分进行了研究。实验表明，再生渣的微观结构与挖掘后的矿渣相似。由此产生的信息可用于解释考古（考古-冶金）数据。此外，这些结果与铁产量的量化和在类似条件下由铁砂生产的铁的质量有关。结果表明，Kashiwagi和Bui两座熔炼炉的内部条件保持在高温，均匀分布，并生产出质量良好的铁。

The present studies are metallurgically carried out to make clear the iron culture in Tohoku District of Japan through the iron production of the Early Historical Period (Asuca-Nara-Heian Era). Four typical excavated remains of the iron production sites, "Aomori Mokusawa", "Akita Izumisawa-Nakadai", "Miyagi Kashiwagi", and "Fukushima Bui", were objected. These remains located the places where were convenient to get, not only the rich iron sand on the rivers and beaches, but the charcoal from the woods near the "Oou" and "Abukuma" mountains, just like in Matsue(Izumo) District in the Middle Age.This study deals with the microstructures and chemical compositions of the slag excavated in the iron smelting furnaces, and the investigation using optical, laser and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes. These experiments made clear the microstructure using reproduced slag similar to those recovered from the excavations. The resulting information can be used to interpret the archaeological (archaeo-metallurgical) data. Furthermore, these results have the relating to the quantification of the iron production and to the quality of the iron produced from iron-sands and under similar conditions.As a result, it is suggested that the inside conditions in two smelting furnaces, at Kashiwagi and Bui, were kept at high temperature, uniform distribution, and produced iron with good qualities.