Materials Culture of Ancient Iron Manufacture in Tohoku District

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The present studies were carried out to make clear the iron culture in Tohoku District of Japan through the iron production of the Early Historical Period (Asuca-Nara-Heian Era). Three typical excavated remains of the iron production, Mokusawa (Aomori), Kashiwagi (Miyagi), and Bui (Fukushima) archaeological sites, respectively, were objected.The structures and chemical compositions of the slag remained in the iron-smelting furnaces are investigated using optical and scanning electron micorscopes. In result, it is suggested that the composition of Ti and the type of the furnace, cylindrical or oblong box-shape, made the important role to keep the inside of the smelting furnaces high temperature and good qualities.The deformation mechanism and characteristics in cutlery clad forming were also investigated. The theorotical curves of possibilities of cladding of the ferrous metals, by Vaidyanath and Wright et.al., were in good agreement with the experiments in the hot forging and rolling weldeing. The clad sheets can be manufactured successfully from the reduction of 0.6-0.65 in forging and of 0.55-0.60 in rolling. It was shown that the strength ratios and dimension ratios are critically associated with the bonding qualities as well.